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According to the statement made by the Social Structure Research Program, Department of Sociology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Assoc. Dr. Lutfi Sunari working life in Turkey executed and completed the craft survey. The report of the Social Structure Research Program (TYAP) published in the field of research carried out in Turkey as a result of transformation of working life, life expectancy of people from work and takes up the overview of different professions .
THE INVESTIGATION HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT WITH 2 THOUSAND 711 PEOPLE
The research, based on face-to-face interviews with 2,711 people in 26 provinces, takes a complete picture of the current dynamics in business life. Working life in Turkey, the first and only professional reputation inquiry in Turkey, and the Craft Survey are conducted every five years. The investigation, the first of which was conducted in 2015, was renewed in 2020.
With the research, the ranking of social reputation of the professions was updated and the change in society’s attitude towards working life was analyzed. Reputation rankings for different professions, from doctor to belly dancer, offer a key perspective for understanding what professions society sees in these days when the results of college preferences have just been announced.
PAID WORK INCREASES, PROFESSIONAL LIFE IS BEGINNING
Three fundamental changes are detected in a research report on working life in Turkey. The first is the rise of the service industry since the 1980s. While 25 out of every 100 people who worked in 1980 were in the service sector, today this number has risen to 56. The workforce axis has shifted. shifted from agriculture to services in the last four decades.
The second fundamental change in working life is the increase in the rate of paid work. The proportion of paid or salaried employees has increased from 48% to 70% in the last two decades. The rate of ownership of a workplace is declining rapidly. This situation shows a process that hinders the conditions of competition and job security against the employee. The third change is occurring in occupational groups. In the last two decades, the proportion of people who do not require any type of training and who do physical work has increased from 8 to 14 percent. The proportion of unskilled sales and service personnel also increased from 9 to 20 percent. These two occupational groups correspond to temporary jobs and the lowest wages. Especially for the younger generations who have completed their education and started their business life, this means that their professional life becomes slippery and the expectations of the profession erode.
THE PROFESSIONS OF AUTHORITY OWNERS ARE AT THE TOP
According to the statement, the results of the investigation were created in Turkey’s specific professional reputation ranking. With the data obtained through the research, reputation scores of 133 professions between 1 and 100 were determined.
According to the research, it was revealed that professions that require a good income, a good education, job security, professional authority, legal and institutional autonomy, and mental work have a higher reputation.
The top 10 occupations in the professional reputation ranking were, respectively, physician, judge, university professor, pilot, embassy, governor, dentist, captain, general, and attorney. The last 10 professions in the ranking are ironing, shoeshine, garbage man, peddler, apartment manager, fortune-telling, daily cleaning, janitor job, irregular job, and belly dancer, respectively.
While a great reputation is attributed to clean and desktop jobs with decision-making power; jobs that depended on physical labor and required contamination turned out to be of low repute. Similarly, uniformed professions that represent public authority and are associated with the state enjoy a higher reputation. Jobs in the agricultural and industrial sectors are generally considered low reputations.
POLITICS AND LEGAL PROFESSIONS ARE INCREASING
The occupations examined in the study were compared with the results of the first study conducted in 2015. Compared to five years ago, the professions of politics and law were seen to increase. The rank of deputy increased from 22 to 11, mayor increased from 18 to 13, mukhtar from 67 to 42. Similarly, the judiciary and defense were in the top ten this time. On the other hand, there was a decrease in the ranking of generals who were in the top ten earlier. Of note is the rise in low-wage jobs in the service sector. Cashier for 16, clerk for 20, secretary for 27, receptionist for 14 and studio photography for 21 steps, made the difference. An upward trend has been detected in the private sector media, arts and sports professions.
THE TEACHING PROFESSION IS FALLING
In professions in decline, teaching comes first. Teaching, which ranked fourth in the survey 5 years ago, fell to fourteenth. Likewise, the pharmacy fell from position 11 to 24 in the ranking. The reason for the decline experienced by these two professions was found to be their change in position in the labor markets.
The professions that lost the most rank are mining from 51 to 97, agriculture from 53 to 96, magnet from 28 to 65, dairy from 55 to 89 and from 52 to 83. He became a crane operator. These tendencies have been minor towards manual labor and crafts of the society during the last five years; It was interpreted in the sense of attributing a higher reputation to mental work and administrative work.
MEN WANT TO BE DOCTORS, WOMEN WANT TO BE TEACHERS
In the study, it was found that the scores given by men and women to the professions were significantly different. Women gave higher scores than men to professions based on cognitive work such as psychologists, MPs, actresses, musicians, NCOs and lawyers, while men gave higher scores than women to intensive physical jobs such as shoeshine, porter jobs and industrial and construction jobs that require qualifications as crane operators. The imaginary and soccer were also some of the professions in which men scored highest.
Men ranked doctors and women who teach first on the list of the most desirable professions. It should be noted that persecution and the police are among the professions that women most want to do. Professions that include a high level of education, autonomy and creativity were found to be more desired by women.
HOW IS WORKING LIFE PERCEIVED?
The research also measured how citizens view their current job. According to the results, taking into account that the value of their work according to 71 percent of the people in Turkey. Also, 70 percent believe that work is appreciated in the workplace.
However, one of the two people claimed that his job negatively affected his health and that he did not acquire new skills in his current job. This situation raises concerns in terms of commitment and professional development. 61 percent of society say they do their current job just to earn money.
Another notable finding from the study is that the rate of those who say my earnings are not enough for me is 64 percent. The top three characteristics that research participants look for the most in a good job; job guarantee, good wages and no risk of accident or death at work. However, the sense of business success, having a voice in decisions, and acquiring new skills drew attention as expectations that were scored higher than research from five years ago.
Life in Turkey is updated every five years and Crafts represents an important research indicator. Research leader Assoc. Dr. Lütfi Sunar stated that the research will guide relevant institutions and organizations from the public sector, civil society and the private sector to monitor the progress of professions and the transformation of working life.
