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General Directorate of Meteorology, according to the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method, meteorological drought analysis for September-October-November 2020 and the Percentage of Normal Index (PNI – Percentage of Normal Index), the last three months and November 2020 meteorological drought conditions Relevant maps were released.
EXTRAORDINARY AND VERY SERIOUS DROUGHT
Map of extraordinary large part of Turkey, seems to have a very severe and severe drought. Global warming, use of more than 75-80% of wild agricultural irrigation in agriculture, dams-ponds, pesticide residues, contamination by domestic and industrial wastes, causing the rapid disappearance of freshwater resources and lakes, and a great drought with the decrease in rainfall in recent years. registered the threat.
THE STEPS ON DESERTIFICATION ARE NOT HEALTHY
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Commenting on the data from the last three months, the president of the Antalya Commodity Exchange, Ali Çandır, stated that the effects of climate change have been rumored for years and said: “We have started to take positive steps in the fight against erosion since the 1970s. But it is not possible to say that adequate measures can be taken in relation to desertification. “As a society, we were unable to prepare for this, nor was the public able to plan for this by anticipating it,” he said.
CONSUMER HABITS MUST CHANGE
Especially food products in Turkey in this period of higher risk in transportation is expected Çandır Noting that they received much less rains, “In this sense, both public, both citizen and to be more receptive, we must consume our water more carefully. Perhaps in such a situation, we should find ways to produce products produced with less water by changing our consumption habits. “
184 LITERS OF WATER PER 1 KILO OF TOMATOES
Giving striking examples of the amount of water used for the production of some products, Ali Çandır said: “184 liters per 1 kilo of tomatoes, 133 liters per 1 kilo of carrots, 50 liters per 1 orange (100 g), 70 liters per 1 apple (100 g). 15 thousand 455 liters (813 jugs) for a kilo of red meat, 2 thousand 325 liters for 1 hamburger (150 gr of steak), 21 thousand liters for 1 kilo of coffee, 140 liters for 1 cup of coffee (7 g). 1 kilogram of tomatoes that we eat today is not just about 1 kilogram of tomatoes. “We must not forget that we consume 184 liters of water to eat 1 kilo of tomatoes and we must not waste it.”
FIRST STEP TO SAVE AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION
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Seventy-five percent of the water in Turkey is used for irrigation, the majority according to Bell also told wild irrigation systems, “In this regard, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry was preceded by investment in irrigation by 2021. This is a positive advance. In this sense, collective irrigation instead of individual in all agricultural areas The organization of irrigation systems will be the first step to save on agricultural irrigation “.
INCREASE RECOVERY LOSS TO 50-60 PERCENT
Emphasizing that climate change should not be seen as just water, Çandır said: “There is also a risk that productivity will decline due to the weather. We may have a hard time fighting pests, especially if it’s not snowing and it’s cold. Low rainfall in the past three months is expected to negatively affect performance estimates. For example, while its olive harvest forecast will be 30 percent lower due to desert temperatures in May, the absence of rainfall in the past three months has increased the yield loss by as much as 50-60 percent.
WEATHER DROUGHT AT 80 PERCENT
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The scientific advisor of the Turkish Nature Protection Association (MOE), Dr. Erol Bıçak said that Meteorology is an institution that gives much more successful results than many countries. Dr. Erol Cutter, when we look at the map of the last three months of drought, one of the top three drought drivers in Turkey has announced that it is concerned about the climatic drought. In many parts of Turkey, he noted that nearly 80 percent of doctors faced the meteorological drought. Cutter said that in the past 60 years, nearly 70 natural lakes have dried up in the country.
HYDROLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT
In addition to meteorological and hydrological drought, which indicates that there has been an excessive rate of agricultural drought in Turkey, Dr. “These three droughts are interconnected. For example, when there is a meteorological drought, in our country, which has the most important natural water resources in the world, natural lakes, ponds and rivers increase the demand for water and our water decreases with excessive use. Also, we need to apply production methods according to scientific rules in agriculture according to our water. The hydrological drought causes the decrease of water in lakes, ponds and streams and the agricultural drought that is experienced in our country ”, he said.
THE PRINCIPLE OF THE WATER CYCLE
Stating that the water levels of resources such as lakes, ponds, streams and tea must be preserved and the method of agricultural production that uses 80 percent of these resources, Dr. “If these resources are prevented from drying out by doing Conscious agriculture, increased humidity in these regions will cause increased rainfall. This principle is a very simple principle of the water cycle or the water cycle. In many countries, meteorological drought can be prevented by not polluting natural groundwater and surface water resources and using them consciously. Of course, one of the conditions that cause the meteorological drought in our country, as in the whole world, is the formation of greenhouse gases, global warming ”.
BUILDING IN AGRICULTURAL AREA AND LANDSCAPE
Explaining that opening many agricultural areas and natural pastures to the structure prevents the soil from holding water, Dr. “Our most important natural structures for holding water are shrubs, grasses and trees. Flood prevention is about preventing and protecting natural streams, teas, and lakes that store water naturally. Although global warming certainly affects this as in the world, the most important problem in our country is the destruction of these resources by primitive agriculture despite the fact that we have the richest water resources in the world ”.
THE MAIN PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION
Noting that some people attribute the water savings to examples such as not leaving the fountain running, using less water while showering or brushing teeth, Dr. “Of course these are important and should be done. However, the main problem is agricultural irrigation and, as in many parts of our country, water leaks in the main networks are definitely the main points that should not be ignored. Although the water we use from the source can be adjusted very well with the on-off system according to the technology in development, unfortunately up to 80 percent in many parts of our country and this situation will gradually increase, it must to excessive and unscientific agricultural irrigation. This causes the loss of deep water and soil, “he said.
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