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One of the most prestigious awards in the world of science Nobel Prizethey found their owners in the field of chemistry.
Scientists from the Nobel Committee develop a method for editing the genome Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna‘was worthy of an award.
The genome editing technique developed by Charpentier and Doudna was described as “rewriting the code of life.”
“GENETIC SCISSORS”
French microbiologist Emmanuelle Charpentier discovered the existence of a previously unknown molecule called “tracrRNA” in studies of the bacteria called “Streptococcus pyogenes.” Charpentier showed that the molecule is part of the immune system inherited from bacteria called “CRISPR / Cas”, which inactivates viruses by cutting DNA.
While Charpentier shared his discovery with the scientific world with an article published in 2011, he began his laboratory studies with American biochemist Jennifer Doudna, who has extensive knowledge of RNA in the same year. In their work, Charpentier and Doudna managed to recreate the molecule that functions as the “genetic scissors” of bacteria in a laboratory setting.
Following this revolutionary experiment, the scientists worked to reprogram these genetic scissors. The molecule was able to cut viral DNA from cellular DNA, but Charpentier and Doudna showed that the molecule can interfere with any part of the DNA strand in the same way.
Following the discovery by Charpentier and Doudna, the CRISPR / Cas9 system began to be used in genetic research around the world.
Emmanuelle Charpentier was born in France in 1968. Charpentier studied biochemistry, microbiology and genetics at the University of the Sorbonne and conducted clinical studies at New York University and the University of Vienna in the United States. Charpentier is currently the head of the infection biology department at the Max Planck Institute in Germany.
Jennifer A. Doudna was born in 1964 in Washington, USA After her education at Ponoma University, she completed her doctorate at Harvard Medical School. Doudna specializes in RNA studies and is currently a professor at the University of California.
In addition to the award, Charpentier and Doudna will also share a gift of 10 million Swedish crowns ($ 1 million 122 thousand 45).
Last year, the award went to the American John B. Goodenough, the British M. Stanley Whittingham and the Japanese Akira Yoshino for their “work on the invention of lithium-ion batteries.”
FIRST WOMEN TO SHARE THE PRIZE
This year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was the first to be shared among the candidates. Five women received the award before Charpentier and Doudna. Marie Curie was awarded in 1911, her daughter Irene Joliot-Curie in 1935, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1964, Ada Yonath in 2009 and Frances H. Arnold in 2018.
NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to people who have made significant contributions to humanity in the field of physics every year since 1901. The prize was awarded 111 times between 1901 and 2019. Of the prizes awarded a total of 184 people, 63 were given to a single person, while 23 were distributed to 2 people and 26 to 3 people.
Turkish scientist Aziz Sancar won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2015. Sancar was the “first Turkish scientist to win the Nobel Prize.”
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