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Since the Corona virus emerged, hundreds of scientists have been shutting down laboratories around the world and seeking a remedy for this epidemic. Last week, the German-based association of Biontech and Pfizer, of which Özlem Türeci and Uğur Şahin were among the founders, declared that a vaccine that provides 90 percent protection has reached the final stage. But Pfizer-Biontech is not the only group that produces vaccines. The government of Russia, private companies in China, AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford in England are working hard to produce a vaccine that has completed its clinical trials. Here is the latest situation for vaccines produced in Germany, China, England and Russia and the answers to some curious questions …
1-What is the immunity rate of the vaccine?
Biontech-Pfizer: According to information in the press release prepared by Pfizer on the subject, the vaccine provides 90 percent immunity to the virus in the human body.
Oxford-AstraZeneca: No information was provided on the immunity rate of the vaccine. However, in tests in June, the elderly and young were found to be immunized. The company plans to produce 3 billion doses of vaccine in the first stage.
Gamaleya Institute: As a result of clinical testing, the vaccine is claimed to provide 92 percent immunity against the virus.
2-How many people were tested?
Biontech-Pfizer: 43,538 people of different ethnic origins participated in the vaccine trials. The vaccine is expected to receive US approval in the third week of November.
The investigation will be completed by examining the findings in 164 patients who have become immune to the virus as a result of clinical tests.
Oxford-AstraZeneca: Approximately 70 thousand people were evaluated from the United States, England and Brazil.
Rus Gamelya: While the tests are performed on a limited number of people in the first and second phase tests, 40 thousand people are tested in the third phase tests. The biggest criticism of the Russian vaccine is the declaration of a ‘found vaccine’ after tests with few people.
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3-Who supervised the vaccine studies?
Biontech-Pfizer: The third phase, the “community of independent experts” supervised the investigation.
Oxford-AstraZeneca: No information was provided on who supervised the vaccine studies, but the fact that one of the institutions producing the vaccine is Oxford University gives an important insight into the control mechanism.
Rus Gamelya: The vaccine was developed by the National Center for Epidemology and Microbiology of Gamelaya. The center has a long history of epidemic research. Apart from this, even if there is another institution where the vaccine is inspected, it has not been reported yet.
4-How was the vaccine tested?
Biontech-Pfizer: The test group was divided into injected with placebo and others. The immunity rate was measured at 90 percent in those who were vaccinated. On June 27, the first phase of tests began with 43,538 people. Second-phase tests were also applied to 38,955 of them. Finally, when the analysis of 164 cases is completed, the work will stop.
Oxford-AstraZeneca: The vaccine trials were given to some participants as one dose and others as two doses, and the findings were noted. During the studies, the tests were suspended as a result of the death of a person in Brazil due to neurological findings. Testing resumed on September 13.
Rus Gamelya: First, the vaccine was injected in two doses to 38 people between the ages of 18 and 60. The people did not receive a placebo vaccine. According to information provided by Russian scientists, no side effects were observed after taking two doses of the vaccine. Although the patients developed antibodies against the epidemic within three weeks, they frequently complained of headaches and joint pain.
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5-After how long does the vaccine provide protection?
Biontech-Pfizer: Based on clinical findings, protection is provided in the body 28 days after the administration of two doses of vaccine.
Oxford-AstraZeneca: There is no publicly available information on this matter. However, the vaccine is expected to protect the body from the virus for 1 year after receiving the injection.
Rus Gamelya: It is claimed that people who received two doses of vaccine form antibodies in the body after 21 days.
NO EXACT DATE
A clinically proven vaccine is expected to be available later this year through the first half of 2021. Shipping and storage conditions are as important as the launch of the vaccine. Experts expect the vaccine to take 1 to 2 years to reach the masses.
6-What will the cost of the vaccine be?
Biontech-Pfizer: The vaccine will be sold in the United States for $ 20 a dose.
Oxford-AstraZeneca: While a vaccine dose was expected to be 2.5 euros in Europe, India, among the economically developing market economies, signed an agreement to buy a single dose for $ 3. This vaccine is also preferred to the rates of countries like Turkey that could have the consequences.
Rus Gamelya: Information on the cost of the Russian vaccine has not yet been shared.
7-WHAT IS THE SITUATION IN CHINA?
Many companies in China produce vaccines against the corona virus. Although there is no clear data on the status of the clinical trials of these companies, the Chinese government allows the vaccine to be administered to humans. Many people in China, especially students who want to return to their schools abroad, use vaccines produced by private companies. Currently, the state is officially administering vaccines to the public in Zhejang province, and risk groups are a priority. The vaccine is expected to be distributed throughout the country by the end of the year. Sinovac Biotech, Sinopharm and CanSino Biologics are the leading vaccine manufacturers in China. Some citizens pay $ 68 for two doses of the vaccine, while others can get up to $ 300 at private hospitals. Although there is no complete evidence regarding clinical trials in China, Sinopharm has already administered the vaccine to 350,000 people outside of clinical trials. The company reports that tests will be completed on 40,000 people soon. Western scientists say that allowing public vaccination in China before phase three clinical trials are completed may harm human health. The vaccine from the Chinese company Sinovac also kullnaılıy in Turkey.
means: South China Morning Post, Financial Times, BBC, Pfizer, NPR, Amerika’nın Sesi, CNN, Washington Post, The Guardian, Deutsche Welle
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