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One of the most important days in the history of Turkey. October 29, 1923How did you get there? What happened next? The answers to these questions will hardly fit on hundreds of pages of the book. On the other hand, we will draw attention to what happened in 7 detailed photographs taken before and after October 29, 1923. Our goal is to commemorate October 29 once again and make one more silence in memory of Commander-in-Chief Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
“THE FLAG IS A SYMBOL OF INDEPENDENCE, IT IS NOT MODIFIED”
The Turkish army entered Izmir under Greek occupation as a result of the Great Offensive of September 9, 1922. September 9, which was one of the most important curves on the road to October 29, 1923, would go down in history. like the day of the liberation of Smyrna.
On the date of September 10, when Atatürk entered Izmir Sinan Meydan, editor of the newspaper Sözcü, whose opinion we consultedHe explains the flag problem experienced that day as follows: “Atatürk’s car stumbled forward in Izmir. In Karşıyaka, men and women, old and young were greeted with great enthusiasm. There is a flag story that happened that day. Upon reaching Government House, Atatürk is invited to enter.
He sees the Greek flag unfurled at his feet. The Greek King Constantine stepped on the Turkish flag and entered this house. Atatürk was asked to enter the house holding the Greek flag, but he refused. He raised the flag and stepped on the white marble to enter the house. Because Atatürk thought Constantine had made a mistake. He said: “The flag, which is a symbol of the independence of a nation, cannot be broken.”
Mustafa Kemal Pasha was calling how to approach the new Republic of Turkey, it will be necessary to establish that this move more out of the day.
Commander-in-Chief Mustafa Kemal Pasha on his way to Izmir with the Chief of the General Staff, General Fevzi Pasha (Çakmak). September 10, 1922.
İZMİR FIRE PLACE
A great shipwreck was left of the enemy states. After the Turkish army retaken Izmir from the Greeks on September 9, 1922, a fire broke out in Basmane on September 13, 1922 and lasted for four days. Smyrna was on fire. This fire would severely destroy the city center. This photograph clearly reveals what kind of Izmir is left behind.
A view from Izmir after the fire. / Photo: Depo Photos
“WE WILL START NEW WORK, THE TRUE ENEMY IS THERE”
The victory had been won, but it was just beginning. Falih Rıfkı Atay sums up Gazi Pasha’s mood in those days as follows: “In the first days of victory, we went to Izmir with Yakup Kadri to see Mustafa Kemal. They all had the lightness to survive a war that had ended. Only Mustafa Kemal showed the backwardness that covered all of Anatolia from the back quarter of Izmir to the border of the Soviet Union, saying ‘let’s start working, the real enemy is there’.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is enthusiastically received in the city after the liberation of Smyrna from enemy occupation. Photo: Depo Photos
THE COMMANDER WHO CHANGED THE DESTINY OF A NATION
The road to October 29, 1923 was full of very difficult and difficult curves. The following is an excerpt from the official British story on Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s role in the Battle of Gallipoli.
“Rarely in history has a single division commander succeeded at three different times enough to change the fate not just of conflict but of war, perhaps of a nation.”
The words of the world famous writer Ernst Hemingway, who summed up the arrival of the forces occupying Anatolia in Mudanya for a ceasefire after the Great Attack, would go down in history. The words of the famous author said that a completely different story was written, unlike the majesty of the British warship Iron Duke. “Mudanya was a second-class coastal city on the Marmara coast, surrounded by hot and dusty soil. Despite the murderous and ash-colored towers of the British flagship Iron Duke, which was transporting Allied generals to negotiate with İsmet Pasha, Westerners came to this city to plead for peace.
Hemingway’s words underscore another important turning point on the road to October 29. The flagship Iron Duke is one of the witnesses to what happened that day.
Iron Duke, the flagship transporting British generals for the Mudanya Armistice. Photo: Depo Photos
THE REPUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT WAS JUST THE BEGINNING
The proclamation of the Republic on October 29, 1923 was both a result and a great start. The struggle of the Turkish nation under the leadership of Atatürk putting their lives in the War of Independence manifested itself with the Republic, but the struggle was not over. The real fight, which Gazi Pasha also said, was just beginning. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey has become a completely different country in 15 years. One of the most important elements of this transformation was the evolution of women’s rights. İsmet İnönü, the prime minister of the period, said on December 5, 1934: “When the Turkish Revolution is mentioned, it will be said altogether that it is ‘women’s liberation revolution.’
In her article entitled “Revolution for the Liberation of Women,” she said: “December 5, 1934 is one of the most honorable and honorable days in our history.” Sinan meydan“Because that day, more than a thousand years later, Turkish women were given political rights,” she says. In 1935, 17 women deputies would enter parliament. The following photograph taken after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s visit to İzmir Girls’ High School on February 1, 1931, as İnönü’s words, became the symbol of the “women’s liberation revolution”.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk drops out of İzmir Girls’ High School. Photo: Depo Photos
THE HISTORY OF PUBLICIST ATATURK
It is not easy to choose only ten photos among all those photos. There will certainly be many other important and meaningful photos that we have not brought here. However, there is a photograph that cannot be missed. This photograph, which has been a topic of discussion recently because it is also in the room of IMM President Ekrem İmamoğlu, talks about the ‘populist Atatürk’. In mid-2019, ugly and unrealistic accusations were made about photography and Sinan Meydan took this issue to the corner. That photo was actually the story of a leader who had problems with the public.
Sinan Meydan’s views on this photograph are as follows: “This photograph in Ekrem İmamoğlu’s office was taken in 1930, not 1924 as claimed. It was filmed during the study tour Atatürk started in Ankara on November 19, 1930. Photographer Cemal Işıksel took the picture on November 21, 1930. The villager Atatürk hears in the photograph is not Fethullah’s grandfather or anything. This is a funny lie. Atatürk not only listens to the peasant citizen in the photograph of that trip. He listens to the complaints of everyone, no matter young, old, male or female, in Tokat and Turhal, as in all the places he goes. “
Sinan Meydan explained the true story of that photo in detail in her article published in Sözcü on July 8, 2019.
Photograph of ‘Atatürk listening to the villager’.
As we said at the beginning of the article, Mustafa Kemal Pasha said “we will start again”. 97 years have passed. Today we still witness the existence of people who try to distort history with unfounded claims. However, if we put dozens of photographs before us, we have a glorious story that will give a different meaning to each one. The main thing is not only to know and understand that story, but to live it and keep it alive. First of all, we have to do it.
Today marks the 97th anniversary of the proclamation of the Republic.
Happy October 29, Republic Day.
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