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Is it possible to recover a person trapped in coronavirus after recovery? Why do some people experience the disease more severely? Will the vaccine work? Is it possible to get people caught and recovered from the coronavirus back to work by handing over immune documents? What measures can be taken against the virus in the long term, how to live with the virus?
The main problem with coronavirus is knotting in the immune system. We know very little about this.
How is immunity to the coronavirus formed?
Our immune system is our body’s defense system against infections and it has two parts.
The first is natural immunity; It is congenital and when our body detects a foreign substance, it immediately takes measures to protect it from it. Various chemicals secreted during this process can cause inflammation (inflammation, inflammation). In this process, the white blood cells in the blood also destroy the infected cells.
However, this system is not specific to the coronavirus and does not remember the fight in the body and does not develop immunity against this virus.
This requires an adaptive immune response. Here, cells make antibodies that attack the virus and bind to stop it. It also produces T cells that target only virus-infected cells.
All of this takes a certain amount of time. Studies show that it takes up to 10 days for the body to make antibodies against the coronavirus. The immune systems of those with the disease also react more strongly to the virus.
If adaptive immunity has responded strongly enough, the immune system will constantly remember this infection and protect against the virus that caused the disease in the future.
It is not known whether people who survived the disease with or without mild symptoms will develop a sufficiently strong adaptive immune response.
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How long does immunity last?
The memory of the immune system is similar to our memory. While you may remember some infections very well, you may forget others.
For example, our immune system remembers measles very well. Once you are confronted with the measles virus (this is accomplished with the measles vaccine), you get lifelong immunity.
Some viruses are quickly forgotten. One of them is the virus that causes children to get respiratory infections many times during the winter.
Since the new coronavirus called Sars-CoV-2 recently appeared, it is not known how long immunity to this virus will last. But six other coronaviruses that infect humans can be used to predict this.
Four of these coronaviruses cause the common cold and their immunity is very short. Research shows that a person can be caught again in the same year after contracting this flu.
But this cold is often overcome. Two other human-transmitted coronaviruses cause Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) diseases, and antibodies developed by the immune system of those trapped in them can be detected a few years later.
“The problem is how long this immunity lasts, rather than whether immunity develops,” says professor Paul Hunter of the University of East Anglia against the coronavirus.
“But it almost certainly will not be for life,” he adds.
“According to SARS antibody research, immunity can be said to last only a year or two, but we don’t know for sure yet,” says Hunter.
However, even if the virus is not fully immunized against the coronavirus, it may be possible to survive the virus a second time.
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Are there two caught?
There are reports of people who have had a coronavirus multiple times in a short period of time.
Some say that these people are infected a second time. Some experts believe that the virus is hanging in the body and is reactivating.
However, scientists agree that there may be problems with the tests. Although some patients have viruses, the tests can be negative.
To date, no one has been intentionally reinfected with coronavirus to test the immune system. But this process was applied to two rhesus macaque monkeys.
These monkeys first became infected with the coronavirus, allowing the immune system to react. After three weeks, they became infected with the virus a second time. Although this experiment was very limited, it was observed that the monkeys did not develop any symptoms although they were reinfected shortly thereafter.
If there is an antibody in the blood, is it immune?z?
There is no guarantee for this. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) does not favor the relaxation method of restrictions applied due to the outbreak by providing immune documents to people who have developed coronaviruses and developed immunity.
Those who wish to apply this method believe that it will be safe for people to go to work if antibodies are seen when performing a coronavirus test. This may be important for hospital and nursing home staff who work closely with people in the risk group to continue their work with ease.
However, although every patient with a coronavirus has some antibodies, not all antibodies are equivalent. Antibodies that inactivate the virus are those that can bind to the coronavirus and prevent it from infecting healthy cells. In a study of 175 patients who underwent coronaviruses in China, 30 percent of them showed that antibodies of this nature were very low.
That is why cellular immunity can be critical in recovery (forming another part of the adaptive immune response), says the WHO.
Another problem is that, even if you are protected from the virus thanks to the antibodies, this does not mean that you will not transmit the virus and infect other people.
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Why is immunity important?
Regarding general health, it is important since it determines how often and how many times you will contract Covid-19 disease.
Immunity also affects the severity of the virus. The disease is less dangerous when it develops some protection against the virus, although it is not perfect for humans.
Understanding immunity and clearly determining who is not at risk for contracting coronavirus or spreading the virus is also important to loosen restrictions.
If it is difficult to develop long-term immunity, it is also difficult to develop a vaccine. Or it will be important in determining how to use the vaccine once in a lifetime, or whether it will need to be repeated every year, such as the flu shot.
The duration of immunity through both the virus and disease and vaccination will also give us an idea of whether we can stop the spread of the virus.
These are all important questions that we don’t know yet.
