Models of government with the monarchy in the forms RM, CM and DPM.

Models of government with the monarchy in the forms RM, CM and DPM.

Date Nov 02, 2020 at 12:02 PM

By … Prof. Dr. Chaiyan Chaiyaporn

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In studying the transition / transition from a full monarchy, there were two changes, firstly, to a regime that no longer had a monarchy, which was going to change. To the republic Head of State The second is There is still the transition to a monarchy, which is known as a monarchy with limited royal power. Here, we will talk about the transition from the monarchy, the perfect power to the monarchy with limited royal power.

When it comes to limiting royal power, the question is who or what institution restrains royal power? Commonly understood is the royal powers are defined in the constitution. When defined, it means that there is a certain scope. This is different from the time when there was no constitution in which the king wielded royal power as he saw fit or under the old rule of law. This term can be based on religious principles. However, it depends on the interpretation of the King. When the royal powers are defined (limited) in the Constitution The next question is, Where did this constitution come from? If it comes from the advice, the next question is where did the advice come from? What kind of people is it made of? So how did these people sit on the council?

For this reason, the guru of comparative politics Alfred Stepan and Juan J. Linz and another young academic, Juli F. Minoves, presented a new model of government with a limited monarchy through their article “Democratic parliamentary monarchy. Monarchy ”(2014) where they started by saying The typical transition of the monarchy usually occurs in two ways: the dominant monarchies and the constitutional monarchy. (constitutional monarchies)

But this line of explanations about the form of constitutional monarchy is not sufficient for the development of the democratic monarchy. (democratization of monarchies) that today are more complex and diverse.

For this reason, the three scholars have established three models of the process of transition to the regime dominated by the monarchy:

A regime in which the monarch has full power (ruling monarchy: RM).

Two regimes in which the King is the Head of State and the prerogative is under the constitution. (constitutional monarchy: CM) and three regimes in which a monarch is the head of state. The royal powers are subject to the Constitution. And there is a parliament that Democratic Parliamentary Monarchy: DPM.

The difference between the CM and DPM models is that the DPM has a freely selectable board. And only this council determines the establishment of the government, and the government will end only by the council.

As for CM, the formation and termination of a government depends on both the Council and the monarchy. The council is based on the legitimacy of the monarchy and the monarchy must be based on the legitimacy of the council. The establishment and termination of a government to be justified must include elements of both the Council and the monarchy.

As for the monarchy, absolute power or the monarchy itself is self-governing (RM) Forming or changing a government depends on your will.

The three academics also addressed four criteria used to rank each regimen:

Rule of law

Constitutional restriction of the monarchy (constitutional limitations on the monarchy)

The status of parliament and the relative autonomy of the judiciary.

As for the factors that led to the transition of the monarchy They see that It is caused by a gradual change in the border or context that has been formed in each society. This resulted in a transition from the RM model to the other two models. They mentioned five variables that promote or hinder this change:

The first variable is the most important factor: political pressure. That if this factor is missing There is no need For the King to change or accept a major change of government, political pressure is also the determining factor for the transition from the RM model to the CM and / or DPM model, respectively. Prevent political pressure on two factors from the royal family

That is, the number of members of the royal family is more or less, if there is a small chance that RM will change to CM and DPM, but if there are many, these members will be extended to political office. Regardless of the military, fiscal and economic aspects, it is a factor that promotes both incentives and a tool in the maintenance of the monarchy. Although the King himself intends to resign or share power with the National Assembly But it will be blocked by the royal family But if there are few members of the royal family AND the King has to manage his mission alone, in this case he will start the transformation to CM not to create a revolution that could lead to the end of the monarchy. And it can also be reformed to reach the DPM so as not to have any political responsibility for the security of the monarchy itself.

Three factors, to collect or not to collect taxes In a country where the king is subject to heavy taxes on his expenses The monarchy is fragile. But if it is not stored or not much is saved Because the country has natural resources OR have rental income OR have income from other sources No need to collect taxes or require approval from the city council The monarchy is not obliged to reform or transition to CM or the DPM.

Fourth, is there religious or racial discrimination? If many of these problems exist, DPM may be the answer for racial or religious minorities. But if the monarchy aims to protect, preserve or defend their race or religion or their own, the monarchy can also oppose the occurrence of DPM because it will deteriorate the culture or identity of their group, but if the presence of DPM will alleviate the conflict. The monarchy also tends to accept the DPM so as not to assume any political responsibility for the stability of the monarchy itself.

Five factors of foreign influence If the monarchy has a strong foreign alliance Democracy reform is more difficult to achieve. But if international politics changes, it may have more influence on the transformation to CM or DPM.

From the above, can it be applied to find a way out of the current political crisis? We’ll see. Because if the National Assembly or the Constituent Assembly approves a law or constitution, the King has more and more power. It is still in the frame of the monarchy form under the constitution anyway (CM).

The question is the real power that is legally enacted by the National Assembly or the House of Commons. How much real power is not too much to become RM or too little? Or there should be no royal authority at all The King will become the only certified rubber stamp, according to the DPM model!