How was the development of the Covid-19 vaccine today?

Dr. Pak. Norapat Pisirikarn, Ph.D., Phat., Produced vaccines from viruses. Government Pharmaceutical Organization Norapath Tong Pesirikan published on the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. Today (4/12/63) EPI 2?

Indicating the latest situation in the development of the current vaccine, Covid-19, that Where are you going

The body says that

How did the development of the COVID-19 vaccine arise today (12/4/63) EPI 2?

1. The last WHO announced a total of 62 candidates (4/4/2063) of the official vaccine candidate (compared to 44 candidates on 3/29/2013).

Of the 62 candidates, there are currently 2 in the clinical trial phase 1, CT Moderna, EE. USA And biological Cansino, China.

The remaining 60 candidates are currently in animal testing. Or finished testing on animals (Preclinical)

https://www.who.int/…/Novel-Coronavirus_Landscape_nCoV-4apr ……

And if formal and informal candidates are included, there are over 115 candidates!

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-020-00073-5

2. In April of this year, 2 more companies announced the introduction of vaccines for human testing, Inovio, 🇺🇸 and the University of Oxford, 🇬🇧.

2.1 The American citizen Inovio has recently been approved by the US FDA. USA To test the Covid-19 vaccine, INO-4800, in humans (6/4/63).

The vaccine is a DNA vaccine designed to administer the system. By using a firearm that looks like an infrared fever gun called Cellectra 3PSP, it can release a small electrical current to open up the skin’s pores and push the DNA plasmid vaccine into our cells (electroporation).

This method is a way to eliminate the weaknesses of administering a large DNA vaccine through the thick keratin layer of the skin like us.

The INO-4800 CTO will use 40 healthy volunteers, each of whom will receive 2 doses of vaccine (0.1 mo) and will monitor safety and immunity until August. INOVIO also announced that it will enter CT2 immediately if CT1 gives satisfactory results.

INOVIO’s availability also includes a partnership with partner company Ology Bioservices, which will produce more than 1 million doses of vaccines at the end of the year to support CT3.

And there is a chance that the 🇺🇸 Food and Drug Administration will consider approving an emergency-use vaccine by 2021, which will make the vaccine go to market faster than usual.

https://techcrunch.com/…/a-second-potential-covid-19-vacci …… /

http://ir.inovio.com/…/INOVIO-Initiates-Phase-…/default.aspx

2.2 Oxford University, British nationality, preparing to present a candidate named ChAdOx1 (using the same technology as Cansino, China, who took the CT 1 test last March)

In which the research team used the adenoviral vector platform, which does not divide after injection (not replicated) of chimpanzees and then increase the number of viral vectors in the following mammalian / avian embryonic cells

(The same principle can be found in other vaccine candidate fields, such as J&J (Janssen) using Adenovirus with human retina cells (PER.C6), etc.)

The appeal of the vaccine testing team is to recruit up to 510 volunteers to collect CT1 / 2 in 14 studies. The main studies still focus on 3 areas: immunity safety and vaccine effectiveness.

Preliminary safety studies will be completed by October 63, and other results will be announced by May 64.

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04324606 ……

3. And it’s worth noting that the candidate vaccine Covid-19, which is quickly tested in humans in just a few months. Unlike other biotech companies or laboratories that have success stories in developing biological platforms.

Moderna is also the leader in the highly popular mRNA platform for the personalized cancer vaccine in CT2. Because it is the hope of cancer treatment with immunotherapy. And many vaccines that are queuing at CT1-2

https://www.modernatx.com/pipeline

INOVIO has a rich history of both CT2 testing in the MER-coV vaccine which is the same bloodline as Covid-19, which includes CT3 in cervical cancer from HPV and many other vaccines as well.

https://www.inovio.com/product-pipeline

4. For this reason, I think the Moderna and INOVIO vaccine candidate should pass CT1 very easily, especially the DNA vaccine platform that was previously used in animal vaccines. But the real difficulty lies in the CT2-3 results on how long these vaccines have built up immunity, specific enough and how long they stay in our bodies.

Why not forget that? The history of each vaccine’s development lasts from decades to half a decade. Or some are still not successful, such as the vaccine against HIV or hepatitis C, etc.

Or some vaccines that were driven by an outbreak in the past, such as SARS, MERS, or ZiKA, where the investigation stopped at CT1-2. Stubbornly turned to research on the shelf. Because it didn’t spread

Until reaching COVID-19, which is likely to become endemic in the future. That is the case. Therefore, the vaccine is the only hope for the end of the tunnel. And it is the motivation for each government to seriously strive to develop vaccines

Because ultimately, I think COVID-19 itself is definitely not the last virus to spread.

Reference image: INOVIO

Thank you
12/12/2063

The development of the COVID-19 EPI 1 vaccine?