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88 years from the announcement of the first constitution that uses the word “temporary” at the end and followed by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Siam Rama 7, ordered on December 10, 1932 to the present How has the structure of “power” changed? politician? Invite to consider The first era of the constitution that day
Thai PBS begins to consider comments on the Constitution Let’s start with the article Prof. Nanthawat Bamanan Famous Power Structure of the Thai Constitution Especially the first constitution In the People’s Committee King Prajadhipok or Rama 7 after the revolution only 3 days, Professor Nanthawat pointed out two issues: 1. The power of the monarchy and 2. The power of the town.
Both when considering historical data After the change of government in 1932, the Popular Party changed the “form” of the government’s success. Of the absolute ruling monarchy “Constitutional democracy is the highest law in the country.”
After the change of government on June 24, 1932, 3 days have passed. “The Thammanun Law of the Government of Siam of 1932”, drawn up by Luang Pradit Manutham or Mr. Pridi Banomyong Tulklao, King Somdet Phra Prajadhipok, Rama 7, to sign the name of the King.
But the Ror. 7 requested that the bill be extended for a time and ordered 1. Add the words “Temporary” in this bill and 2. Establish a constitutional drafting committee. The next permanent draft of the law is “The Constitution of the Kingdom of Siam, 1932, dated December 10, 1932 “.
Read more articles by Prof. Nanthawat Bomanan, first published on Public Law Net.
Provisional Constitution of 1932
Professor Nanthawat pointed out 2 problems: 1. The Provisional Statute of the Government of Siam, BE2475 It is “limiting the power of the king” With examples of various aspects But directly related to the provisions of the first constitution as
Section 6 Give the “People’s Representative” the power to diagnose the criminal acts of the King. “The king cannot be prosecuted for criminal cases in court. It is the duty of the House of Representatives to decide.”
Section 7 Establish various actions Del Rey according to the constitution According to some text in Section 7 “… Must have any member of the Popular Committee to sign also With the consent of the Popular Committee to be valid Otherwise, it is void.
Other clauses that prohibit the acts of the King as Section 8 Don’t stop the law and Section 35 The butler could not be removed. Unless advised to do so, People’s Committee
The author – Additional Information After Adoption The Provisional Statute of the Government of Siam, BE2475 prescribes that the People’s Committee has the power to appoint Members of the House of Representatives (70 people) serve 6 months Members of the House of Representatives will select “representatives “in each province to act in the Chamber. The “People’s Committee” performs administrative functions. So you can see that. The House of Representatives was very powerful. Because it serves Legislative and Executive Department
2. The Thammanun Act for the Provisional Government of Siam, BE Such as the creation of the House of Representatives to act in the legislative branch There are provisions in the Constitution, such as Section 6, the Council has the power to decide the criminal cases of the King and Section 10, the Council can dismiss the People’s Committee or government employees.
It is also set to be configured. People’s Committee Perform administrative tasks such as Section 5 which has the power to replace the Maha Satri (His Majesty the King) Section 7 consent to any act Of The Great King and Section 30 has the power to forgive, etc.
Adjust the power “Tip”
Later, when the 1932 Constitution of the Kingdom of Siam was announced, it changed the power structure in many ways. Prof. Nakarin Mektrirat Former Dean of the Faculty of Political Science, TU highlighted through academic work Indicate that the observations of the transition The Constitutional Law of 1932 is the Constitution of the Kingdom of Siam, BE2475, which contains 3 articles.
1.The lower power of the House of Representatives Because the council will be dissolved by royal authority Through the promulgation of a Royal Decree (Royal Decree) and a new election within 90 days. In addition, an extraordinary session will be held in which the King will call a meeting for the benefit of the State.
The Council has the power to enact the Annual Budget and the Budget Law. And control management by setting interpolation AND passed a resolution to distrust ministers, either as a group or individually Including having the power to appoint an extraordinary committee to conduct business or investigate various matters But it must be a matter within the Council.
2. The administration or the cabinet (cabinet) has more power. The cabinet is responsible for managing the affairs of the state. Without necessarily being a member of the Council The cabinet manages government affairs with the confidence of the council. And it ended when the Council Vote, don’t trust
The Cabinet has the power to issue an Emergency Decree (Royal Decree) and pay homage to the King to promulgate the Royal Decree, without contravening the law, including the Royal Decree of the Council
3. The king was given more royal power. It is promulgated in Article 3 of the Constitution that is in a position of worship Who does not violate and Section 4 holds the position of Chief of the Army of Siam
Including being a user of the legislative power of the Chamber. He exercised the power of the cabinet and exercised the judicial power through the court. What divides sovereignty in 3 ways, while the first statute of government divides power in 4 ways and elevates the status of the royal family since the monarch rose above politics.
Read more about the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand of 1932, political database. King Prajadhipok Institute
All the above information is the essence of changing the power structure through the constitution since after 1932, with two versions of the constitution, while the King Prajadhipok Museum giving details about the royal ceremony of the Royal Manuon on December 10, 1932
“On June 24, 1932, the group of people who called themselves the” People’s Party “made a change in the royal rule. The idea that His Highness wanted to change His government towards democracy no longer wanted Thais to persecute each other, so He accepted as King. The First Constitution Royal Highness The Constitution of the Kingdom of Siam, 1932, is a permanent constitution. Thailand’s first issue on December 10, BE 2475 “
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