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THE The work was published today in the scientific journal Lancet, and analyzes the case of a 25-year-old young man who tested positive for two infections different by SARS–CoV-2 in 48 days, confirming that one second infection it can happen in a short time and it can be more serious, as was the case.
The results of this study, funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and conducted by researchers from the Nevada State Public Health Laboratory and the University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, indicate that exposure to COVID-19-19 may not translate into guaranteed full immunity and that further investigation of cases of reinfection.
In this first study to confirm a case of reinfection of COVID-19-19 us United States, the researchers found evidence that an individual with no known immune disorders or underlying conditions was infected with SARS–CoV-2 in two different situations.
The 25-year-old patient living in Washoe County, Nevada, was infected with two different variants of SARS–CoV-2 in a period of 48 days.
The second infection was more severe, resulting in hospitalization with oxygen support, which may indicate that previous exposure to COVID-19-19 may not translate into guaranteed full immunity.
The study authors point out that all people, previously diagnosed or not, should take the same precautions to prevent infection with SARS–CoV-two.
After a positive test for SARS–CoV-2 in April 2020, the patient tested negative for the virus on two different occasions.
In June 2020, after experiencing severe symptoms of COVID-19-19, including fever, headache, dizziness, cough, nausea and diarrhea, the patient was hospitalized and had a second positive test. He has been discharged from the hospital and is now recovered.
“There are still many unknowns about him infections by SARS–CoV-2 and the immune system response, but our findings indicate that a infection previous by SARS–CoV-2 may not protect against infections future, “said study lead author Mark Pandori, PhD, from the Nevada State Public Health Laboratory, located at the University of Nevada (Reno School of Medicine).
“It is important to note that this is a unique discovery. Although more research is needed, the possibility of reinfections may have significant implications for our understanding of immunity to COVID-19-19, especially in the absence of an effective vaccine, “he said, also arguing that people who test positive for SARS–CoV-2 should continue to take serious precautions, including social detachment, the use of masks, and hand washing.
At least four other cases of reinfection were confirmed in Belgium, the Netherlands, Hong Kong and Ecuador.
However, only the case of reinfection Ecuador had worse disease outcomes than the first infection.
“We need more research to understand how long immunity can last for people exposed to SARS–CoV-2 and why some of these infections secondary schools, although rare, are more serious, “he said. Pandori.
“So far, we have only seen a few cases of reinfection, but that doesn’t mean there aren’t more, especially since many cases of COVID-19-19 are asymptomatic. At the moment, we can only speculate on the cause of reinfection“, he is stressed.
As in the case of reinfection In Ecuador, the American patient experienced an increase in the severity of symptoms in his second infection, while the cases of Belgium, the Netherlands and Hong Kong showed no difference in severity of symptoms.
The authors present several hypotheses to explain the severity of the second infection, including the possibility that the patient may encounter a very high load of the virus that caused a reaction sharper the second time.
Another advanced hypothesis is that the patient has had contact with a more virulent version of the virus or that the mechanism of increase is antibody dependent (that is, the presence of antibodies can worsen a infection later) as has already happened with other diseases such as dengue.
Finally, another alternative explanation would be a coinfection simultaneousanea of both strains of the virus. However, this would mean that the second strain would not have been detected in April 2020.
The authors acknowledge that the study is limited because it was not possible to perform any evaluation of the immune response to the first episode of infection by SARS–CoV-2 nor the efficacy of immune responses during the second episode.
The researchers also note that this case and other cases of reinfection confirmed cases occurred among patients who had symptoms of COVID-19-19, which means that there is a possibility of infections me reinfections between individuals can be asymptomatic and therefore they are likely to remain detected in tests Current.
“In general, there is a lack of sequencing genomic full case study COVID-19-19 positive both we United States as in the world, as well as the lack of examinations and tests, which limits the ability to diagnose, monitor and get tracking virus gene, “he said.
A pandemic of COVID-19-19 has already caused more than one million seventy-seven thousand deaths and more than 37.5 million cases of infection around the world, according to a report by the French agency AFP.
Portugal today counts another 14 deaths related to COVID-19-19 and 1,249 new cases of infection like new coronavirus,
The disease is transmitted by a new coronavirus detected not end of December, in Wuhan, a city in central China.
After Europe succeeded China as the center of pandemic in February, the American continent is now the one with the most confirmed cases and the most deaths.
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