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Vaccines typically take an average of ten years to develop, but vaccines against the emerging corona virus have registered positive results in less than a year, a scientific achievement that was achieved, largely thanks to the huge funds that flowed toward this goal. .
Billions of dollars from around the world
The cost of introducing a new vaccine is estimated at around one billion euros, from the clinical development phase to the manufacturing phase. The third phase of the clinical trial, the last before a vaccine is put on the market, requires hundreds of millions of euros, according to Marie Umplo-Ferrero, a vaccine specialist at the Boston Consulting Group.
However, in the case of Covid-19, there was an “unprecedented mobilization of the vaccine sector”, according to the expert, which the world did not know before, reflected in the granting of “tens of billions of euros to worldwide “in order to develop the Covid-19 vaccine.
This financial mobilization goes through bilateral agreements or by international organizations, and can come in various stages of development, either to support research or to ensure the supply of the vaccine through previous orders.
United States: the largest funder
The United States moved early and aggressively through Operation Warp Speed, which aims to accelerate the development of vaccines (and other therapies as well), as well as ensure access to them.
Several potential vaccines that are considered the most promising have been selected and their development has received significant support. Since March, Johnson & Johnson has donated $ 450 million and later another $ 1 billion was added in exchange for 100 million doses of the vaccine.
Since April, the United States has provided Moderna with nearly $ 500 million to fund its clinical trials. In total, the American company received $ 2.5 billion in public money. As for the American “Novavax”, it has been financed with 1,600 million dollars for 100 million doses. The United States promised about two billion dollars to Pfizer and Biontech, in exchange also for 100 million doses. AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford will also donate $ 1.2 billion for its vaccine, for 300 million doses.
The French company “Sanofi” and its British partner, “GSK”, were also selected to receive $ 2 billion in financing for one hundred million doses.
Therefore, the United States will have paid more than $ 10 billion for the possible vaccines alone. The country has also invested massively in marketing and distribution, notably through agreements to expand the production capacity of vial and syringe manufacturers.
The European Union
The European Union has reserved laboratories for a total of 2 billion doses. In detail, the European Commission has signed contracts with six laboratories. The last one so far, with “our resource”, to supply 160 million doses of its vaccine.
Prior to this, the European Union signed an agreement with AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson (for 400 million doses of both), and with Sanofi https://news.google.com/ GSK (for up to 300 million doses), and “Pfizer” https://news.google.com/ “Pinotech” (also for 300 million doses), and with the German “Curvac” (for up to 405 million doses).
In total, more than 2,100 million euros have been spent in the European Union to finance these contracts, as confirmed by a European source to “AFP”, and this does not include the “Moderna” contract, but the method of distribution of this amount It is confidential.
Unlike the United States, the European Union appears to be delayed in concluding contracts related to vaccines, according to several laboratory directors who have criticized the complexity of the union’s administrative procedures.
Other bilateral agreements
Other countries have made direct agreements with laboratories, such as Canada, Israel and the United Kingdom, which have ordered 355 million doses in total from seven laboratories. The financial details of the contracts are unknown.
Alliance for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI): a mix of public and private
The SEBI Alliance funds nine programs to support scientific research and development of new COVID-19 vaccines.
In total, as of mid-October, the coalition had received $ 1.3 billion. The funds come mainly from countries or from private donations, for example from the “Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation”, the “Nestlé” company and the Japanese bank “Sumitomo Mitsui”.
GAVI (Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization)
The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) is involved in the management of “Kovacs,” which is a vaccine purchasing and distribution mechanism created to ensure that it is not the exclusive preserve of rich countries.
By mid-November, the coalition had received pledges of $ 2.1 billion in grants. Among the main contributors, some countries, such as France, have committed 120 million euros.
There are also private sector contributors, such as the “Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,” which awarded more than $ 150 million, and “TikTok,” the social media platform, which awarded $ 10 million.
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