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The new text includes many amendments, in several chapters related to rights and freedoms, the balance of powers and identity issues, in addition to the approval of completely new articles related to the role of the army outside the country and the regulation of the relationship between the president and the prime minister. However, the structure of the approved political system has not changed. The semi-presidential system was preserved, with broad powers dedicated to the President of the Republic, who embodies the unity of the nation, who is the supreme commander of the armed forces and the Minister of National Defense. In the final version, it was taken into account to exclude some of the problematic articles that were mentioned earlier in the draft, such as the position of Vice President, which was met with much criticism, given that it was mentioned in the draft by appointment and not election .
It is noteworthy that this constitutional amendment created a new political map around it, after the disintegration of the general political scene in the country, after the fall of former president Abdelaziz Bouteflika, and the breakdown of all the parties that supported him. So far, all the parties that supported the fifth term of the former president seem to be united in the team of those who ask to vote for “yes” to the constitution. Among them is the “National Liberation Front”, which tries to return to the stage, through the door of support for the constitution, after it was exhausted by political scandals and its presence declined significantly. Also on the side of those who support the “National Democratic Rally” party, whose former secretary general, Ahmed Ouyahia, is in prison, as well as the “Amal Algeria Rally”, the Algerian People’s Movement and the Republican National Alliance. Outside of those loyal to the former president, the draft constitution has the support of other parties such as the Front of the Future, with a great possibility of support from the Binaa movement.
In his remarks in support of the draft constitution, Abu al-Fadl Baaji, secretary general of the National Liberation Front Party, which has the majority in the elected councils, said that the new text brought new themes and principles that would provoke a “true revolution. “on the path of reform, especially in the field of freedoms and rights. And the separation of powers. It is also mentioned that the constitutional amendment contains “clear parameters” of the political approach on which the governance of the country is based. As for the secretary general of the Republican National Alliance, Belkacem Sahili, he believes that the project achieved an acceptable balance between the powers of the semi-presidential system, by strengthening parliamentary supervision over the work of government, submitting some presidential decisions to the approval of Parliament and clarify the question between the two cases of presidential majority. And parliamentary.
Islamic parties see that there is a danger to the identity of the country behind the adoption of the new constitution
But, on the other hand, those who reject the draft constitution see exactly the opposite. This category forms the basis of Islamic parties who believe that there is a danger to the country’s identity and its Arab-Islamic expansion behind the adoption of this constitution, but also raise reservations about other fundamental questions related to the balance of powers, the powers of the President of the Republic and the articles of rights and freedoms and others. For example, the head of the Front for Justice and Development, Abdullah Jaballah, rejected the constitutionalization of the Amazigh language as an official language in addition to Arabic, and its inclusion in the unmodifiable deaf articles. Those with advanced opinions, who tend to be from Islamic and Arab nationalist currents, believe that the introduction of multilingualism in the country will pave the way for its division, as happened in other countries such as Sudan, for example.
For his part, Abdel-Razzaq Maqri, head of the Society for Peace Movement, the largest Islamic movement in the country, raises reservations about some articles that speak of the neutrality of the mosque and the school, and considers this an introduction to secularizing society . However, this party, which used to be in third place in legislative elections behind the two parties in power, also believes that the powers of the president of the republic in the project are exaggerated, and that there is ambiguity on the issue of who assumes the leadership of the Executive. On this point, the project refers to two cases produced by legislative elections, namely, the parliamentary majority and the presidential majority. It says that the president appoints a head of government in the first case and a prime minister in the second. However, what the “Movement Society for Peace” was asking for is the appointment of the Prime Minister directly from the party that won the elections. Outside the circle of participants, either accepting or rejecting the project, boycotters or those who consider themselves outside this referendum are placed, because the draft constitution was not initially a consensus, according to them. This line is led by the forces of what is known as the “democratic alternative”, and includes the currents of the extreme left, the moderate left and figures from the world of human rights. In his opinion, the constitution should be written along a fundamental path, although they differ from each other. Among those who see the need to elect a constituent assembly and those who ask for a tribal dialogue to agree on the content of the constitution and deliver the wording to a specialized committee. Despite their rejection of the method of drafting the constitution, some of them, such as the “Labor Party” led by Louisa Hanoune, lingered long on the text of the text that approved the possibility of sending military forces abroad if two thirds of the parliament they approved of it, and considered this to be a departure from military doctrine. For the country, built on non-interference in the affairs of other countries. Within the boycott circle, there are also non-partisan activists who generally reject what was built in the course of the presidential elections that led to Abdel-Majid Tebboune as president, and consider participation in the referendum, either by acceptance or rejection, as a commitment to power strategy.
At the level of the main state institutions, there seems to be great harmony between the corporate presidency and the military establishment. The Army Magazine considered that the constitutional reform project reduces the suffering of the citizen and opens the door to hope. All the statements made by the Chief of Staff, Saeed Chengriha, go to bless the referendum and ensure its success. Despite the apparent opposition, many observers believe that the draft constitution, on which President Taboun makes heavy bets, will have no difficulty crossing the fund station.
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