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Of these, the American academic institution “American Academy of Sciences” was signed by then-President Lincoln in 1863 as an organization that provided professional advice on science and technology to the government and others during the North-South War. It was established.
A non-profit organization independent of the government, at the request of the federal government and parliament, now with similar organizations “American Engineering Academy” and “American Medical Academy”, 6000 people on a wide range of policy issues related to science and the technology. These scientists and engineers work together without compensation and make hundreds of advice and policy proposals annually.
Financial resources are the consideration paid by the government agency when giving advice, donations, etc. According to the website, in 2018, the federal government combined the three academies amounted to around 200 million dollars, and the Japanese yen was 21 billion yen. We made about 55 million dollars of money and donations, and almost 5.8 billion yen in Japanese yen.
Of the approximately 2,900 members, approximately 190 are Nobel Prize winners, and researchers from around the world compete to publish the results of their research in the highly acclaimed scientific journal “American Academy of Sciences Bulletin.” It is internationally recognized as one of the leading academic organizations in the world.
In addition, Britain has the most traditional academic institution in the world, the Royal Society, which was established in 1660 with the approval of the then King Charles II.
In 1703, Newton, who discovered the law of universal gravitation, is the president.
Although the name is “Royal” from the background of its establishment, it is operating as a private non-governmental organization, and on the first page of the website, “We contribute to the development of science for humanity.” It’s an independent science academy. “
Of the roughly 1,600 members, roughly 70 are Nobel Prize winners, making policy proposals related to science and technology by receiving requests from the government and parliament, and by working on their own.
Financial resources are government grants and donations, etc. In 2018, the government will subsidize around 47 million pounds and 6.4 billion yen in Japanese yen, and donations will be about 3.5 million pounds and 4 in Japanese yen. I earn almost 880 million yen.
According to Hiroshi Nagano, specially appointed member of the Center for Research and Development Strategies of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, who is familiar with the trends of foreign academic institutions, most of the academic institutions in developed countries such as the “American Academy of Sciences “and the” Royal Association “are private organizations. It is rare that it is established as a government agency like the Japan Academic Conference, and is fully covered and operated with national expenses.
The budget of the Japan Academy of Sciences is approximately 1 billion yen per year, which is significantly less than that of Western academic institutions.
Also, the Japan Academy of Sciences has 210 members and about 2000 collaborating members, and the membership period is 6 years, and although half of the members change every 3 years, each country adopts a lifetime system. However, most of them are.
In addition, academic institutions in each country make proposals to parliament while maintaining a relationship, such as working in them and receiving applications, but in the case of the Academic Conference of Japan, the law stipulates that “the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister” a government agency, has little connection with the Diet and notes that “politicians are not in a position to listen widely to the opinions of scientists.”
Nagano’s specially appointed fellow said: “In developed countries, as science is raising its position in society, academic groups spontaneously form and exist as an organization independent of government. Although there are differences in the way of, The management independence of the Japan Academy of Sciences must be guaranteed based on the “Japan Science Society Law”, and the government must explain why it did not appoint the candidate members.
