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United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)On February 27, 2021, a major pharmaceutical companyJohnson and JohnsonNew vaccine against coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) developed byapprovedThe Johnson & Johnson vaccine and vaccination have already startedPfizerORModernAssociate Professor Maureen Ferrand, who studies virology at the Rochester Institute of Technology in the United States, explains the difference with the vaccine in four points.
How does the Johnson & Johnson vaccine compare to other coronavirus vaccines? 4 questions answered
https://theconversation.com/how-does-the-johnson-and-johnson-vaccine-compare-to-other-coronavirus-vaccines-4-questions-answered-155944
◆ 1: How does the Johnson & Johnson vaccine work?
Pfizer and the German biotech companyBioNTechVaccines such as “BNT162b2” developed by the virus and “mRNA-1273” by Moderna are used by viruses to synthesize proteins based on genetic information.Messenger RNA (mRNA)Using “RNA vaccine“is. On the surface of SARS-CoV-2Peak proteinWhen mRNA is administered to the human body, a spike protein is synthesized in the body and the human body reacts with it to acquire immunity, which is the basic mechanism of the RNA vaccine. For mRNA administrationLipid nanoparticlesIt uses a special particle called.
On the other hand, the Johnson & Johnson vaccineAdenovirusIt is to make a virus other than SARS-CoV-2 carry the genetic information of the spike protein, and since the virus is used as a vector (mediator), “Viral vectorIt’s called a “vaccine.”
When some of the genetic information from the adenovirus is rewritten to that of SARS-CoV-2 and then injected into the body, the genetic information from the virus enters the cells. The spike protein is then synthesized in the human body, and the immune system that recognizes it as a foreign substance produces an antibody to gain immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
According to Associate Professor Ferran, the adenovirus in the vaccine is detoxified, so there is no risk of it multiplying in the human body or causing disease. Also, since only the protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 is synthesized in the body, there is no need to worry about developing a new type of coronavirus infection (COVID-19).
The RNA vaccine was first developed as a vaccine for the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), but the viral vector vaccine has been used for some time. Manufactured by Johnson & JohnsonEbolaThe vaccine for this is the same viral vector vaccine that was developed this time.
◆ 2: Is it effective?
As a result of clinical trials conducted in the United States, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine is 72% effective against COVID-19 infection and 86% effective, especially in preventing exacerbation. On the other hand, the efficacy in a study conducted in South Africa was 64%, but it was 82% effective in preventing aggravation.
This suggests that Associate Professor Ferran “although the chances of a vaccinated person having COVID-19 remain, the chances of being hospitalized or dying from COVID-19 are significantly lower,” he says. In addition, according to the FDA report, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine was found in the UK and elsewhere.Mutant strainIt is said that it has also been shown to be effective against.
◆ 3: How is it different from other vaccines?
The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines need to be given twice at 3-4 week intervals, but due to stalled vaccination plans and delays in getting vaccines, “the first decision is for many people to inject the first dose. It is not like this?”DiscussionIt is also done. In addition, even if the result of the modern vaccine being “effective even if the amount of vaccine per dose is reduced by half”, it is necessary to inoculate twice.
Moderna’s new corona vaccine can provide sufficient “half dose” immunity -GIGAZINE
On the other hand, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine is effective once, which is why Associate Professor Ferran said, “It’s a major point in the vaccine shortage.”
Additionally, the Pfizer vaccine must be stored at an ultra-low temperature of minus 70 degrees Celsius.Logistical nightmareIt is noted that the Johnson & Johnson vaccine will be available for 2 years at -20 degrees Celsius, and for 3 months at 2-8 degrees Celsius, which can be achieved in a normal refrigerator.Can be savedTherefore, there is the advantage that the inoculation becomes easier.
◆ 4: What vaccine should I choose after all?
The Johnson & Johnson vaccine has been shown to be 72% effective in US clinical trials, while the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are close to 95% effective. However, Associate Professor Ferran noted that “because the testing methods are different in the first place, it is not possible to simply compare the effectiveness of the vaccines.”
On top of that, Associate Professor Ferran said, “You shouldn’t wait until you can choose a vaccine. As many people as possible should be vaccinated to monitor for mutant strains,” he said, regardless of the manufacturer’s vaccine. He said that if you can get the vaccine, you should get it right away.
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