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Doubts and fears about the Covid vaccine in twelve questions: answers Paolo Grossi, Professor of Infectious Diseases at the University of Insubria and Director of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at the Asst Sette Laghi di Varese, member of the Technical-Scientific Committee of the Lombardy Region and of the Permanent Working Group on Coronavirus of the Higher Health Council. Grossi was the first to undergo the vaccine on December 27 at the Circolo di Varese hospital.
The vaccine is 95% effective: in which cases is it not?
Like all vaccines, it is not 100 percent effective. There are no elements that predict the lack of response.
How can we be sure that the vaccine is also effective for the English variant?
Studies are ongoing, but the mutation is spot while the vaccine induces a direct antibody response against the entire spike protein, and therefore the mutation is not believed to modify the efficacy of the vaccine.
And in the case of new mutations in the virus, will you have to start from scratch with the vaccine?
It will depend on what mutations. Coronaviruses are subject to mutations, but if they are of the English variant spread, they shouldn’t cause any problems. We also take into account that there are other vaccines that will be available soon, developed with different platforms and therefore I do not see any problem.
The vaccine is really 100% safe?
In medicine there is not 100% in any case the safety is very high and only polyallergic patients can present reactions, as occurs with any other vaccine or substance. My personal experience was free of side effects in addition to minimal pain at the injection site.
Can anyone who has serious illnesses, tumors or heart disease, or who has had an organ or stem cell transplant, get the vaccine?
Yes, with the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, even if there is no data on efficacy, as immunosuppressed people were excluded from the registry studies. The National Transplant Center has called for priorities for transplant patients and transplant candidates.
If I receive the vaccine, but my family does not, am I protected?
In theory, yes, but if the subject is immunosuppressed, it would be good for all family members living together to be vaccinated precisely because of the lack of data on efficacy in these subjects.
Can someone who has already tested positive for Covid be a carrier of contagion and should be vaccinated?
Whoever is cured is not a carrier of anything and therefore cannot transmit anything to anyone. I see no contraindications about the opportunity to undergo vaccination, but it is not clear if it is really necessary.
How long does the protection induced by the vaccine last?
It is not known how long the vaccine lasts because there is still no follow-up.
How do I know if I am responding to the vaccine?
One week after the second dose of vaccine it would be advisable to undergo a serological test to check if specific antibodies have been developed.
If the vaccine has not been effective, can I get another vaccine?
Yes, I can make another vaccine that has different characteristics.
Can children get the vaccine?
At the moment, the vaccine is reserved for people 16 years of age and older.
How many Italians must be vaccinated to achieve so-called group immunity, and how long will it take to vaccinate all of them and return to normal life?
70 to 80 percent of the population. I don’t think it takes less than a year.
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