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To update: On the afternoon of Friday, November 13, following the new data from the weekly monitoring of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Campania was included in the red zones, that is, those with the highest risk of contagion. The decision, which must be made official with an order from the Minister of Health, Roberto Speranza, was announced in advance on Facebook by the mayor of Naples, Luigi De Magistris.
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For days, the Italian discussion on the management of the coronavirus has revolved around one region in particular: Campania, where the situation seems to be blocked. A few days ago the Ministry of Health sent some inspectors to the region, to understand if the figures of infections transmitted to the government by the local crisis unit have been correctly compiled, and to evaluate the impact that the epidemic is having on hospitals. from Naples. The video of a patient who died in a bathroom at the Cardarelli hospital in Naples, circulated a lot online without saying anything specific about the conditions of the hospitals, caused much conversation and increased pressure on the region and the government.
According to the newspapers, the government is considering moving Campania from the yellow area to the orange or red area, which could happen today, Friday, November 13. And for days the hypothesis has circulated to transform at least the areas of Naples and Caserta into the red zone, where the highest numbers of new infections and hospital admissions are registered. On who would have the capacity to make this decision, however, there have been contradictory statements, accusations between the main protagonists of Campania politics and silences: with the result that for days no one has made a significant and concrete intervention. Now it seems things are unlocking.
Restrictions
On November 8, Walter Ricciardi, scientific advisor to Health Minister Roberto Speranza, said that “in certain metropolitan areas” the confinement should “be done immediately.” A few days earlier, Ricciardi himself had given the example of Naples, explaining that despite being within a yellow region, it was a risk zone: “Campania is in the yellow zone because an average was made with regional data.” but the data, he specified, must be extrapolated to the provincial level. At that time, the Minister of Health, Roberto Speranza, had clarified that “the DPCM provides that the minister can intervene in a region, not in a province,” and that in the metropolitan area of Naples, therefore, “the president De Luca must intervene, as Zingaretti did in Latina ».
At the beginning of October, Lazio President Nicola Zingaretti had signed an ordinance for the province of Latina that introduced a series of restrictions, however, not comparable to those currently in force in the red zones. Similar orders have been announced and signed in recent hours also in Palermo, Catanzaro, Rome, Benevento, Taranto, Genoa, Verona, Bologna: they range from the closure of schools to the establishment of a one-way street for pedestrian streets. A series of restrictions have been decided autonomously also at the regional level: yesterday the president of Emilia-Romagna Stefano Bonaccini, that of Friuli Venezia Giulia Massimiliano Fedriga and that of Veneto Luca Zaia in fact signed three ordinances that provide for their regions – which are still “yellow areas”: new rules to try to curb the increase in coronavirus cases.
In Campania, the situation appears to be less linear.
Who can do what
From a formal point of view, the decree of the President of the Council of Ministers (DPCM) approved on Tuesday, November 3, introduced the division of Italy into three areas, depending on the severity of the local epidemiological situation: a red, an orange and a yellow, from the most serious to the least serious, and each with its own restrictive measures. The decision to include the regions in each context rests with the Minister of Health in agreement with the regional presidents, based on a series of parameters and data.
In the draft of the DPCM circulated before publication in the Official Gazette in articles 2 and 3 – dealing with the orange and red areas – it was stated that the Minister of Health, after consulting the presidents of the regions concerned, had the task of “identifying the Regions or parts of them that are placed ‘in that specific setting. “We have also foreseen the possibility in the DPCM that there may be, with good reason, a differentiation within the regions: in the abstract a differentiation is possible, we have the mechanisms to operate it,” Conte said in turn at the explanatory press conference. of the DPCM.
However, from the official text of the DPCM, the specific “parts of them” have disappeared. In articles 2 and 3 of the Prime Minister’s Decree, in the following paragraph, it is also specified that the Minister of Health “in agreement with the president of the region in question, may dispose, in relation to specific parts of the regional territory , based on epidemiological risk, exemption from the application of specific restrictive measures in the orange and red zones.
In summary: the Minister of Health has the task of intervening at the regional level; always the Minister of Health, in agreement with the president of the region in question, can make the decision to relax the restrictions in parts of the regional territory; It is not specified who should finally make the decision to transform parts of the regional territory into a red zone, but no one is denied the possibility of doing so. Indeed, Naples Mayor De Magistris said: “The red zone can be declared by law by the national government or the regional government, and the regional government can also identify individual areas within the region.”
Until now, and already from the first wave, the regions have decided and continue to decide independently to introduce particular restrictions within their territory. Therefore, with respect to the indications established by the Decree of the Prime Minister, they have always acted in a restrictive sense: in most cases, in agreement with the minister. During the first wave, just to give one example, Vo ‘Euganeo, in the province of Padua, was declared a red zone “with the signature of Minister Roberto Speranza,” Zaia said. The latest ordinances of Emilia-Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto, as reported by their respective presidents, were also approved by the Minister of Health.
In addition to the question of the competences of each, decisions of some importance seem to have been politically shared. But it is also true that so far no extended red zones have been established, by regional initiative, such as that of the city of Naples.
The Campania
In Campania, the main newspapers write, a confrontation is taking place between President De Luca and the government, but also between President De Luca and the Mayor of Naples, Luigi De Magistris.
De Luca has been criticizing the government for some time, calling for “homogeneous and simple measures throughout the national territory, given that the infection is now widespread throughout the country.” At the end of October, even before the distinction between regions was established, he announced a regional closure (evidently thinking that he could do it), but then changed his mind because at the government level it was decided not to “take drastic restrictive measures” at the national level. and The conditions would have become “impossible to implement measures limited to a single region”, that is, to close alone. In short, De Luca would like the national government to make a decision.
Meanwhile, write RepublicDe Magistris said De Luca says he wants to close the region but would like the government to do so: and while he can, he “really” doesn’t want to. De Magistris argues that immediate and widespread measures are needed even without waiting for the government, and criticizes De Luca for announcing them and not actually implementing them. In turn, De Luca criticizes De Magistris for not having issued sufficient prohibition orders in the city of which he is mayor, so he went to the prefect to ask him “to define a plan” against the concentrations.
Yesterday the situation seems to have been unlocked. The region has announced that it is deciding to “establish red zones” in cities “where there is a high level of contagion and where a drastic reduction in mobility is essential, in coordination with the competent prefectures and municipalities to ensure ‘essential use of the police to control the territories. ”The region is also defining, it says in the statement,“ limitation measures for non-essential commercial activities on weekends. ”It is not yet known whether the measure will affect the metropolitan area of Naples and Caserta, or more limited areas of the territory.
Also yesterday the Minister of Regional Affairs, Francesco Boccia, said The air that pulls in La7: “Let’s see the follow-up and then we will decide what color for Campania and other regions (…) The measures will arrive between Saturday and Sunday, but they will always be given 24 hours after the order of the Minister of Health for territorial organization” . Therefore, soon, or by regional or governmental initiative, we should understand how things will go.
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