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Today the Minister of the Interior Luciana Lamorgese will be in Trieste, in Friuli Venezia Giulia, to speak with the president of the region, the mayors and the prefects, about the migrants arriving from the so-called Balkan route. From the data it is clear that the route was the most active in 2020, with +60 percent compared to last year in terms of arrivals: the blockade caused by the coronavirus epidemic suspended arrivals in the spring, but now we are witnessing a delayed wave that the region struggles to sustain. For this reason, several mayors, the president of the region, the police union and even some deputies have requested, in various ways, the intervention of the government.
The so-called “Balkan route”, which originally started from Turkey to Greece, then crosses the Western Balkans and finally reaches Croatia, Slovenia and Italy, was almost completely closed in early 2016, when the eastern countries of the European Union It blocked the borders for asylum seekers, who came mainly from Syria (due to the civil war that started in 2011) and the Middle East. At the same time, the European institutions reached a very controversial agreement with the Turkish government to prevent new exits. In fact, the agreement disrupted the large flow along the route, led to a tightening of border controls across Eastern Europe, and ended up blocking some 50,000 people in Greece and several thousand in Macedonia and Serbia. forced to find an alternative route that passed through Bosnia.
In general, the absence of joint and effective actions for a real management of migratory flows has led the different countries of the Union’s external borders – as well as third countries of transit – to act autonomously, violating in many sometimes fundamental human rights. and international law, as shown by various reports, newspaper articles, and files. These violations were also committed by Italy with the so-called readmission policy, carried out on the basis of a bilateral agreement (much discussed and deemed illegal by many) signed in Rome in 1996: it establishes that migrants identified near the border, within ten kilometers, they are “accompanied” to the other side, even if they want to ask for international protection – and therefore would have the right to submit – and even if the countries to which they will be returned do not offer them any security.
In addition to the rejections, the policy followed by the president of the region Massimiliano Fedriga, from the Lega, was the weakening of the generalized reception system, which according to many is at the base of the complicated situation of recent months. Gianfranco Schiavone, vice president of Asgi, the association of legal studies on immigration, explained that the problems related to reception in Friuli Venezia Giulia have to do with the so-called “security decrees”, with the dismantling of the reception. widespread and with “zeroing of resources.” In short, they would be manageable flows if politics had not deliberately decided to weaken its ability to do so.
In 2018, arguing that “assisted return” should be encouraged, the regional council of Friuli Venezia Giulia approved a resolution that cuts the cost of accommodation by more than one million euros, canceling a series of interventions aimed at territorial services, housing , education, education, language courses and professional training.
The health emergency and the lack of adequate places to handle the quarantine added to the reception system already in difficulty. Schiavone explained that in the province of Udine, for example, “a reception structure for fiduciary isolation has never been created in the first 14 days, as required by the decree of the Ministry of Health of March 17”. Also in Udine, a group of asylum seekers is in quarantine aboard two buses made available by the prefecture: “They sleep there, eat there, queue in front of a couple of chemical toilets, wash themselves with a supplied water hose “. by Caritas (…) They are controlled by police and civil protection personnel, to prevent them from escaping. Wait, they can’t do anything else. They await the end of the fourteen-day quarantine with the hope of two things: not having the virus and being transferred to an accommodation with a roof over their head and a real bed to rest, ”he said. Republic. At first there were about 70 asylum seekers on the buses, then for 40 of them the prefecture found free seats thanks to Caritas and the partial emptying of the old Udine Cavarzerani barracks, where at the beginning of August there were about 500 people. and where there have been self-organized protests by migrants.
The president of the Fedriga region has made known the requests that he will present to Minister Lamorgese: the closure of secondary crossings between Italy and Slovenia, greater controls at the main crossings, transfer out of the region of a substantial part of the migrants, the modification of the law that obliges municipalities to take care of unaccompanied foreign minors and the use of technology (drones) to stop the flows.
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