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The bus route from Sant’Andrea di Conza to Schaffausen and from Calitri to Rorschach, Basel, Singen, Stuttgart, Geneva and Bern, departing from Wednesday to Monday between 3.15pm and 4.45pm, from 21 to 46 stages. Evenly divided between Italy and Switzerland, arriving at least after 10 pm is worth more than an Istat report, a Svimez file, a Censis poll. We must follow them, observe the faces of those who travel there, the luggage they carry with them, the resignation that accompanies them to be convinced that the destiny of those born in these parts, in the towns of the southern Apennines, the centers of what Manlio Rossi- Doria defined south of the bone that with the earthquake of November 23, 1980, it became a crater, it is leaving irreparably: it is going to look for work, to study, to live. Emigrate.
Irpinia in the last 12 months has lost more than four thousand inhabitants, as if one of the 118 centers had been erased from the map, which in the vast majority have an average of residents that does not even exceed that number. In Alta Irpinia, the area with the lowest population density, every year there are a thousand fewer people. A trend that, after all, has never stopped. Toni Ricciardi is an Irpinia son of emigrants in Switzerland and today he is an accredited historian of emigration at the University of Geneva. He explains that “if there is a distinctive and identifying trait of the Irpinians, it is that of being emigrants.”
He is right. A century ago in the province there were 416 thousand and today there are 413,926, not even the recovery after the war, the Marshall Plan, the economic boom and the powerful economic flow with the reconstruction of the earthquake of November 23, 1980 have managed to rebalance the assets. “Of course, there have been signs of a countertrend with a demographic increase that has acted as a maintenance item regarding departures. Then with the 90 there is the block ». From 438,812 in 1991 to 429,073 in 2001 to the current figure. But if from Irpinia, from the paradigmatic land of the internal south, the bus has always been taken to Switzerland, which is still the nation with the most relocated Irpini or Germany or northern Italy, now the trip seems to be one way. Stefano Farina, the mayor of Teora, one of the bus stops in Switzerland, sees the city empty after the summer and bitterly observes: “Fewer and fewer people return. Once the elderly die, parents prefer to follow their children and skip the August appointment.
The houses are empty. The reconstruction apartments. Because the then Minister of Extraordinary Interventions in the South, Irpino Salverino De Vito, in 1984 ordered that anyone who had a room and a bed in a town hit by the earthquake could take advantage of State contributions to build a house. A right that represented a kind of redemption after decades and centuries of precariousness, destitution, in any case of conditions of very doubtful health and of absolutely uncertain civilization: but also a test bed on which the different Municipalities had to structure conditions of habitability , in quality and quantity of services and opportunities. The answer was often expressed in bristling gigantism and convenience: large public works, expensive to administer, essentially impractical. For example, in Senerchia Mayor Beniamino Grillo has been fighting for some time for a solution for the mega-school built in the area where the lightweight prefabricated buildings were erected, inaugurated without even being finished in the spring of 2011, now affected by water infiltration and calibrated in an attendance of more than 200 students. That is a third of the current inhabitants of the country. «With difficulty I managed to set up 3 classes, with 8 children in primary school and 6 in secondary school. How can I use such a building? “, Question.
Repopulate and rehabilitate villages are the slogans that echo from the Venice Architecture Biennale to the programs of the working group of the National Strategy for the interior. To have newcomers, some mayors think of the shortcut of houses for sale for one euro. Others have a policy of tax relief and support contributions, on the condition that you choose to reside for at least three years and enroll a child in school. Farina, in Teora, has already received the first groups from Manchester, Argentina, Brazil, Sicily. That’s enough? Vito Teti, the anthropologist of the ethical crisis between staying and resisting, warns: “Countries are not products to be promoted and sold. New words are needed. Yuri Gioino, mayor of Lioni and son of Antonio Gioino, administrator and senator of the PCI in the days of the catastrophe, is convinced that the only guarantee is at work. “In the rebuilding process, what failed was development. Now, with the stress of those days, we need to look at innovations. The Lioni borgo 4.0 project for sustainable mobility with Paolo Scudieri is the future for us, with new jobs and quality. We will have to learn not to feel sorry for ourselves anymore and to take advantage of opportunities. Otherwise it will be the end. © REPRODUCTION RESERVED
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