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There are two at the time of writing this article. vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus approved in the West, the “BNT162b2”Developed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer with the German biotechnology company BioNTechandMRNA-1273, developed by researchers from the biotechnology company Moderna Inc. e from the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), led by internationally renowned immunologist Anthony Fauci, head of the White House anti-COVID emergency. The former has been approved in both the US and Europe, the latter, for now, only in the US Both are mRNA vaccines (Messenger RNA), that is, they contain theGenetic information of the coronavirus, specifically the protein S OR Spike – which, once inoculated, pushes the organism to recognize and determine it immunity Towards that. These are the first two vaccines approved in humans that are based on this technology, but the ingredients that characterize them, except for lipid nanoparticles containing messenger RNA, they are no different from the most common vaccines. Let’s see them in detail.
Lipid nanoparticles
me lipids OR grease contained in the Pfizer vaccine, as stated in a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) document cited by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (WITH) are as follows: (4-hydroxybutyl) azanediyl) bis (hexane-6,1-diyl) bis (2-hexyldecanoate); 2 – [(polietilenglicole) -2000] -N, N-ditetradecylacetamide; 1,2-distearoyl-sglycerol-3-phosphocholine and cholesterol. Those in Moderna’s vaccine are instead SM (sphingomyelin) -102; Polyethylene glycol [PEG] 2000 dimyristoyl glycerol [DMG]; 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [DSPC] and cholesterol. These compounds are “fused” to obtain fat balls of one hundred nanometers (as much as the coronavirus itself) that serve as a container transport shuttle, to carry the messenger RNA of the S protein, locked inside, to the heart of human cells. In addition to maintaining the structural integrity of the nanoparticles, fats prevent their aggregation. Scientists believe that reactogenicity more “intense” of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines than the common flu vaccines lies in these lipid nanoparticles.
The other ingredients
There are four in the Pfizer vaccine I left, ie, potassium chloride; monobasic potassium phosphate; sodium chloride and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate. These are fairly common ingredients in vaccines, since they have the function of maintaining the pH – or acidity – of drugs close to that of our body, as specified by the MIT. Excessive acidity, on the other hand, can damage cells and rapidly degrade active ingredients. It is no coincidence that vaccines are mixed prior to injection. saline solutions – as well as many other medications administered for intravenously – to obtain a salinity similar to that of blood. In Moderna’s vaccine we found trotmethamine; Tromethamine Hydrochloride; acetic acid and sodium acetate, all compounds that have the function of keeping the substances inoculated with those present in our body in biochemical balance. Both vaccines also have some sugars, specifically the saccharose, which plays a different role. In fact, it serves to preserve lipid nanoparticles when they are frozen, preventing them from sticking. In fact, the Pfizer vaccine should be stored at – 70 ° C, while the Moderna vaccine at – 20 ° C, after one month at refrigerator temperature between 2 and 8 ° C.
In general, the BNT162-2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines are a mixture of lipids, salts and sugars that serve to efficiently transport and “deliver” messenger RNA to cells. Once inside, the genetic information pushes the ribosomi to produce the coronavirus S or Spike protein, which the pathogen uses to bind to ACE-2 receiver of human cells, break the cell wall, insert viral RNA inside and begin the process of replication underlying the infectionCOVID-19). Protein S produced by ribosomes begins to circulate in the body and is identified by immune system, which labels him as an “enemy”. Thus began the production of neutralizing antibodies which result in immunity when we are exposed to the actual coronavirus, with an efficacy of around 95 percent for both vaccines.
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