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One of the potential risks of vaccination is the development of a severe allergic reaction to inoculated substances, which in extreme cases can cause actual anaphylactic shock or anaphylaxis, a potentially fatal medical emergency if not treated promptly and properly. These are very rare events, roughly one in a million, as FDA’s Dr. Paul Offit told CNN, however, with the launch of the unprecedented vaccination campaign against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus the subject ended up being the center of attention, mainly due to the first cases of serious allergic reactions in some patients. At the time of writing this article, some cases are known in the United Kingdom and two in the United States, where the administration of the “BNT162b2” vaccine developed by the US pharmaceutical giant has begun. Pfizer in close collaboration with the German biotechnology company BioNTech. The most controversial case is that of a middle-aged health worker from Bartlett Regional Hospital, Alaska, who was even hospitalized in intensive careeven if he didn’t really need it.
To explain how things went was Dr. Lindy Jones from the hospital, who followed her colleague after the appearance of the symptoms. Everyone who undergoes the injections is monitored for about thirty minutes by health personnel, just to check for the development of a possible allergic reaction. The healthcare worker, Dr. Jones told NBC, has begun to develop a skin rash on the face and torso about 10 minutes after the injection, and was immediately treated with a antistamine, the Benadryl. From heart rate increased significantly and began to blame breathing difficulties, the patient was immediately referred to the emergency room where she was administered an emergency injection of epinephrine. “I was concerned that I might develop an anaphylactic reaction,” Dr. Jones said. After treatment, the symptoms subsided, but then returned, prompting her colleagues to treat her with theadrenalin and transfer her to an intensive care unit. However, as Jones explained, the woman did not “necessarily” need hospitalization at resuscitation: “We are a small hospital here, so if we are worried about someone, we put them in intensive care.” In practice, it was a precaution to be prepared for any eventuality. The unfortunate health worker, who had no history of allergic reactions, recovered after the night of hospitalization and said she was excited about the vaccine she received, although doctors will advise against the second dose. A second case of allergic reaction was also announced in Alaska in recent hours, but less severe than the first.
Based on clinical studies conducted to date and analysis by the FDA, which authorized emergency use, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is not only considered highly effective (About 95 percent) is retained Of course, taking into account that among the tens of thousands of people treated, there have been side effects mild to moderate, not much different from those experienced after a joint flu vaccine. Injection site pain, fatigue, temperature For one day, headaches and joint pain were among the most common. However, as some experts explain in an article published in Science, although these are expected symptoms, theintensity detected, where they occur, is higher than that of common vaccines. The reason for this reactogenicity greater would be related to the technology in which BNT162b2, a vaccine a MRNA such as Moderna Inc. and NIAID, for which the same reasoning applies. In particular, the side effects would be those that would stress lipid nanoparticles within which theGenetic information of the viral proteins of the coronavirus, which is inoculated to drive our cells to produce them. When proteins are ready and begin to circulate in the body, the immune system recognizes them as “enemies” developing antibodies to neutralize them. Specifically, immunity to the protein S OR Spike coronavirus, which uses the pathogen to bind to human cells (through the ACE-2 receiver) and destroy the cell wall. In this way, it pours the genetic material (viral RNA) into its interior and begins the process of replication, which underlies the infection called COVID-19. The allergic reaction of the health worker in Alaska and other patients could be related to these nanoparticles, as they are capable of triggering it in animal models even when they don’t contain the genetic information, as the experts explain in the Science article.
At the moment, the US CDC and other health agencies I do not recommend SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus vaccination in patients who have experienced severe allergic reactions to an “injectable medical product”, announced the British Medicines Agency (MHRA). Currently there is no contraindication for the rest of the population segments, except for pregnant women and children / adolescents under 16 years of age, but only because adequate data from clinical trials are still lacking at present.
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