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ROME – Italy is an increasingly ancient country. The confirmation comes from the first data from the permanent population census published by Istat. All age groups under 44 years of age see their relative weight decrease compared to 2011, while the number of people aged 45 and over increases significantly, from 48.2% in 2011 to 53.5% in 2019.
The median age has increased by two years compared to 2011, from 43 to 45 years. Campania, at 42 years old, is the region with the youngest population, followed by Trentino Alto Adige (43 years old), Sicily and Calabria (both 44 years old). Liguria is confirmed as the region with the highest average age (49 years). Also in 1951 Campania and Liguria were the youngest and oldest regions, but, for both, the average age was 13-14 years younger than that recorded in 2019.
The progressive aging of the Italian population seems “even more evident compared to the previous censuses”. Istat explains that “the number of elderly per child goes from less than one in 1951 to 5 in 2019 (it was 3.8 in 2011)”: also the old-age index (given by the ratio between the population of 65 more and less age 15) “has increased significantly, from 33.5% in 1951 to almost 180% in 2019 (148.7% in 2001)”. The youngest municipality is Orta di Atella, in the province of Caserta, with an average age of 35.3 years; the oldest is Fascia, in the province of Genoa, where the average age is over 66 years.
“2020 is not over yet, but a reasonable estimate suggests that this year we will cross the border of 700 thousand deaths in total, which is a worrying value because something like this last time, in Italy, had happened in 1944. We were in The middle of World War II “. To illustrate the numbers from which the weight of the Covid pandemic is also deduced, it was, during the broadcast of Agorà on Rai Tre, the president of the Istat Gian Carlo Blangiardo. – the figure was 647,000 dead ”.
The largest municipality is Rome with 2.8 million inhabitants, while the smallest is Morterone, in the province of Lecco, with 30 inhabitants.
More women than men: they are 51.3% of the total
The gender structure of the resident population is characterized by a greater presence of women. In 2019, there were 30,591,392 women (51.3% of the total) and outnumber men in 1,541,296.
The greater weight of the female component, due to the progressive aging of the population and the greater life expectancy of women, means that in Italy there are 95 men for every 100 women. However, the gender structure is more balanced than in 2011, when the masculinity rate was 93.5%.
The territorial differences are insignificant. The lowest masculinity rate is found in central Italy (93.6%), the highest in the northeast (95.6%). Among the regions, the lowest value is found in Liguria (91.9%), as in 2011 (89.5%). The highest is recorded in Trentino-Alto Adige (97.2%), followed by Molise (97%), Basilicata (96.8%) and Sardinia (96.6%). However, there are 2,495 municipalities (31.5%, compared to 23.5% in 2011) where the masculinity rate is unbalanced in favor of the male component, with the primacy of two municipalities in the Cuneo area, as in 2011: High Briga. (223.1%) and Castelmagno (181%). In contrast, in Malvicino, in the province of Alessandria, there are just 73.3 men for every 100 women.
Residents are declining
Residents in Italy continue to decline in 2019: at the end of the year, according to the Istat census with final data, the census population in Italy at 31 amounted to 59,641,488 residents, approximately 175 thousand people less compared to 31 December 2018, equal to -0.3%, but remains substantially stable compared to 2011 (year of the last traditional census), when there were 59,433,744 inhabitants (+ 0.3%, for a total of +207,744 people) . Compared to 2011, the number of residents decreased in southern Italy and the islands (-1.9% and -2.3%) and increased in central Italy (+ 2%) and in both northern areas.
The very slight increase in the population compared to 2011 is attributed exclusively to the foreign component. In the period 2011-2019 the population of Italian citizenship decreased by around 800 thousand units (-1.5%) while foreign citizens increased by around 1 million (+ 25.1%), without considering that there are more than 1 million acquisitions of citizenship in the period 2012-2019 and that already in the 2011 census the Italian citizens per acquisition were almost 700 thousand.
More foreigners in each region, the exception is Valle d’Aosta
Foreign citizens are growing in all regions of the peninsula, with the exception of Valle d’Aosta, while there are only four regions where the Italian population is also increasing: Lombardy, Lazio, Trentino-Alto Adige and Emilia-Romagna.
The resident population decreases in municipalities with less than 5,000 inhabitants (-520,843 individuals compared to 2011) and increases in the rest of the size classes, especially in municipalities between 50,000 and 100,000 inhabitants (+ 3.6%) and in those with more than 100,000 inhabitants. inhabitants (+ 2.5%). This dynamic is mainly due to foreign citizens, whose presence is increasing in all classes of demographic breadth. On the other hand, Italians declined in all kinds of municipalities, except for those between 50,000 and 100,000 inhabitants.
50.1% of Italians have only a high school certificate, 13.9% graduates
In Italy, 50.1% of people have at most a high school diploma, while graduates and people who have obtained a Higher Education in Music and Dance (AFAM) level I or II diploma represent 13 , 9% 1 of the population. older than 9 years. The 2019 Istat Population Census establishes that 35.6% of residents have a high school diploma or professional qualification; 29.5% the middle school license and 16% the elementary school license.
The rest of the population is distributed between illiterate and literate people without degrees (4.6%) and doctorates, who have the highest internationally recognized educational level (232,833, equivalent to 0.4% of the population aged 9 and over).
Compared to 2011, we read, there is less, both in absolute terms and in percentage terms, the number of people who have not successfully completed a course of study (from 6% to 4.6%) and those who have a maximum license of primary school (from 20.7% to 16%) and secondary school (from 30.7% to 29.5%).
In 2019, the number of people with higher educational qualifications increased compared to eight years earlier. In particular, there are almost 36 high school graduates (31 in 2011) and 14 graduates (11 in 2011) for every 100 percent of people aged 9 and over, while medical researchers go from 164,621 to 232,833, an increase of more 40%. .
The proportion of employed women increases (slightly)
Even if only slightly, the proportion of employed women is increasing. If in 2011 the female component represented 41.8% of those employed (9,621,295), in 2019 it amounted to 42.4%. The greater participation of women in the labor market is confirmed by the variation between 2011 and 2019, which was + 1.7% for men (+233,895 Units) and + 4.3% for women (+ 410.736). The gender imbalance persists and is also confirmed by the levels of employment (37.4% against 54.4% for men), unemployment (15.1% against 11.6%) and inactivity (56.0% against 38, 5%).
