[ad_1]
We have been working for months, non-stop, in search of vaccine better, who can stop the execution of the COVID-19-19. The paths are many, even different from each other, there are those who focus on adenoviruses and those on the already winning strategy against tuberculosis. But testing is still ongoing, the goal is to get an approved and safe vaccine by the start of the new year. Pharmaceutical companies have already entered into agreements for billions of doses to be distributed around the world, provided that authorization comes after the test results. To date, 12 have reached the so-called phase 3, that is, the last step in which thousands of volunteers are injected with the vaccine before the green light to see adverse reactions. In the last hours, much has been said about the progress and results achieved by Pfizer and BioNTech is yes Modern But are not the only ones. In fact, to the 12 prototypes of phase 3 vaccines are added another 6 that will be tested with limited use.
Modern vaccine, Europe registers 1.2 billion doses
PFIZER-BIONTECH, 90% EFFECTIVE: MORE THAN 1 BILLION DOSES IN 2021 At the top of the list, where global attention is focused, is the vaccine developed by New York-based Pfizer, in collaboration with German BioNTech. According to the latest analysis, it is effective in preventing 90% of infections. This is critical feedback given that it was carried out during phase 3 of the experiment that began in July and is still ongoing. The two houses have already announced their intention to proceed with production and will therefore request authorization next week: they have estimated a possible production of 50 million doses worldwide in 2020 and up to 1.3 billion in 2021.
Moderna outperforms Pfizer: 94.5% effective vaccine. Markets speed up
MODERN, THE HOPE AT 94.5% PER MILLION DOSE IN THE UNITED STATES, JAPAN AND QATAR The vaccine studied by the American multinational Moderna goes hand in hand, which according to the released data has an efficacy of 94.5%: for the Organization World Health, these are “extremely promising” data. The vaccine will be produced for the United States for approx. 20 million doses by the end of the year and the total production, until 2021, will be 500 million or even a billion doses. Several funds have arrived for the Moderna vaccine: the multinational has several international agreements starting with the US, which contributed 1.5 billion dollars in exchange for 100 million doses, to Qatar, Canada and Japan.
Vaccine Pfizer, the creator Ugur Sahin: “We will return to normal from winter 2022”
ASTRAZENECA, 2 BILLION DOSES FOR EUROPE Part of a study in chimpanzees, another vaccine in which the scientific community has high hopes: it is developed by the British-Swedish company AstraZeneca in collaboration with the University of Oxford. The AstraZeneca vaccine is based on the chimpanzee adenovirus. Last spring, the United States supported the search for $ 1.2 billion. To date, several trials are underway: phase 2/3 is underway in Great Britain and India, while the last phase is already underway in Brazil, South Africa and the United States, 3. AstraZeneca has already ensured that It can produce 2 billion doses and last summer agreements were signed with the European Union for 400 million doses. In early October, according to the schedule, emergency production should have started, but on September 6 work was stopped due to an inflammatory syndrome in a volunteer after vaccination. Then experimentation was resumed, but only in Britain and Brazil.
Covid vaccine, Vaia (Spallanzani): “First dose to the elderly and since December new monoclonal-based treatments”
FROM BOSTON AND JOHNSON & JOHNSON MILLIONS OF VACCINES FOR EUROPE In phase 3 and also in the US, the vaccine developed by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston with Johnson & Johnson: It is currently being tested in about 60 thousand volunteers. It is the only one in a single dose for a few days experimenting with two different doses, but on November 16 a second phase 3 began to observe the effects of two doses. If the tests were completed successfully, the agreement already signed between the United States and the European Union to produce millions of doses would take effect immediately.
NOVARAX, FROM THE UK READY IN 2021 You are now in the US, in Maryland, but the Novavax vaccine comes from the UK. However, to have it we will have to wait at least until early 2021. Meanwhile, the international agreements to distribute it in different countries.
Covid vaccine, Made in Italy freezers for transport: will be produced in Irpinia
ANTI-FORVIC VACCINES, MANUFACTURED IN CHINA In China there are several projects that have entered phase 3, the final, and have been developed by large state and private companies. CanSino Biologics is developing an adenovirus-based vaccine called Ad5, in collaboration with the Institute of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences. And the Chinese military is the first to test it, authorizing its use in June, “for limited use.” Sinopharm is testing another vaccine, also developed from an inactivated virus, in collaboration with the Beijing Institute of Biological Products. Phase 3 arrives tested in the United Arab Emirates and it will only be available to healthcare personnel. The company has assured that it can produce one billion doses per year. The private company Sinovac Biotech is also testing a vaccine: CoronaVac. Phase 3, which began in Brazil, was suspended ten days ago due to an “accident” and was immediately restarted with the authorization of the National Health Surveillance Agency. Meanwhile, Sinovac has already started production for distribution in early 2021 around the world, including the United States. The Wuhan Institute of Biological Products is developing a vaccine and it is doing it with an inactivated virus: Phase 3 is being carried out in the United Arab Emirates, in people who are dedicated to health care.
THE RUSSIAN PUTIN VACCINE FOR BRAZIL AND MEXICO The vaccines in Russia, developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute, linked to the Russian Ministry of Health, were launched in June: this is the Gam-Covid-Vac vaccine, a combination of two adenoviruses, Bd5 and Bd26, generated by a coronavirus gene. In the first half of August, Putin announced its approval, renaming it Sputnik V, even before phase 3. The controversy over such acceleration was inevitable, even from the scientific world, so much so that it was necessary to specify that the approval is still linked to the result. . positive from the next phase of clinical trials. Tests carried out so far have shown that in phases 1 and 2, Sputnik produced antibodies against the coronavirus and mild side effects. Meanwhile, agreements have already been made to distribute the vaccine in countries such as Brazil and Mexico.
Covid, first infection a year ago in China. Health, work, affections: this is how our life has changed
AS THE WAR AGAINST COVID AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS In Australia, phase 3 of the tests was reached to verify the possible coverage against Covid through the Bacillus Calmette Guérin tuberculosis vaccine, from the beginning of the last century. the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute. And this is also a path followed by Brazilian researchers. Two days ago, the Brace Trial Brazil (Btb) was also launched in Rio de Janeiro, precisely to test the effectiveness of the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine against Covid-19. INDIA RESEARCH LAB VACCINE In India, work is underway on Covaxin, based on a inactivated form of coronavirus, developed by the Indian company Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Institute of Virology. Phase 3 began in late October and the vaccine could be available in early 2021.
Last updated: 13:05
© REPRODUCTION RESERVED
[ad_2]
