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KOMPAS.com – Last Friday (10/30/2020), Izmir province, Turkey, was shaken by an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 M that occurred at noon at 1:51 p.m. local time.
The head of Earthquake Information and Tsunami Early Warning of the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Daryono, said that the epicenter of this earthquake was located in the Aegean Sea, precisely at a distance of 17 kilometers from the coast western Turkey.
There are at least seven events related to the earthquake that triggered the tsunami and caused casualties. Here is a detailed explanation.
1. The impact is wide
Daryono said the earthquake was focused on the Aegean Sea and felt as far as Athens, the capital of Greece, and Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.
Apart from that region, this earthquake was also felt in a wide area like Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria and North Macedonia.
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2. Cause building damage casualties
The damage caused by this earthquake occurred mainly in settlements that were located on soft soils, such as on the coast and basins with soft alluvial plains.
As a result, dozens of people died due to damage to many houses.
In fact, multi-story buildings in the Izmir region of Turkey were also damaged and collapsed.
3. Earthquake mechanism
This earthquake source mechanism is in the form of faults or faults with a downward movement mechanism (normal failure).
“This earthquake was triggered by the activity of the Sisam fault (Sisam’s fault) “Daryono told Kompas.com, Saturday (10/31/2020).
It should be noted that the Sisam fault is an active fault with a downward movement mechanism or a normal fault with a fault path length of approximately 30 kilometers.
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4. More than 100 replicas
Daryono said that until the analysis of this data was released, there had been more than 100 aftershocks or activities. replica since the main earthquakemainshock) with the highest magnitude M 5.1.
5. Trigger a local tsunami
Due to the downward moving fault mechanism and the hypocenter of the earthquake is very shallow, which is about 6 km, it is very natural for this earthquake to trigger a tsunami.
The incidence of the tsunami due to this earthquake is well documented by many tide gauges and eyewitnesses on various Greek islands and coasts in Turkey.
The local tsunami was recorded at the stations tide gauge in Greece, as in Syros ± 8 cm, Kos ± 7 cm, Plomari ± 5 cm and Kos Marina ± 4 cm.
“Unfortunately, the coast closest to the epicenter had no records tide gauge, while this tsunami also caused minor damage in several coastal areas of Greece and Turkey, “he explained.
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This small tsunami occurred and hit the mainland due to the sloping local topography of the coastline close to the shore, causing flooding on land.
This is related to the morphodynamics of the beaches and the amplitude of the tides.
6. Vulnerable areas
Daryono explained that the Aegean Sea area where this latest earthquake is located is historically an area prone to earthquakes and tsunamis.
The most recent tsunami event was the destructive tsunami in Bodrum, Turkey, due to a 6.6 magnitude earthquake in 2017.
Meanwhile, the Sisam fault near the island of Samos, which was the cause of this earthquake, “broke” near the Menderes Graben, an area with a long history of descending fault earthquakes (normal failure).
The history of earthquakes records that around the Sisam fault there have been several strong earthquakes in the past, such as the 1904 earthquake of 6.2 and the 1992 earthquake of 6.0.
