[ad_1]
The Royal Swedish Academy announced Wednesday morning that Emmanuelle Charpentier from France and Jennifer A Doudna from the United States will receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry this year for developing tools for genome editing.
Miraculous scissors for inheritance.
The foundation of the Nobel Prize winner, CRISPR (short for “regularly spaced and stacked palindromic repeats”) is a genetic immune system that protects against viruses and plasmids. The repeats that act as a kind of noise filter use the RNA that copies them to activate proteins called Cas, which identify and remove invading DNA segments.
The CRISPR phenomenon was first described by Josizumi Isino in 1987 at the University of Osaka. It was described by Dutch researchers in 1993 in connection with the study of the hereditary nature of the tuberculosis bacteria. The mechanism was recognized in the late 1990s by Francisco Mojica, a researcher at the University of Alicante.
In 2012, he created efficient gene editing tools for the CRISPR mechanism Charpentier and Doudna. His pioneering research made cheap, fast, and accurate gene editing available.
CRISPR gene editing tools have now become widespread in research, biotech products, and medicine. By the end of 2014, more than 1,000 scientific papers had been published on CRISPR, including the production of biofuel-producing yeast, genetically modified crops, and the treatment of sickle cell anemia and eye disease in humans.
Charpentier and Doudna also won the Nobel Hall Medical Prize in January this year.
Last year the drums won
The 2019 Chemical Nobel was awarded to John B. Goodenough and M. Stanley Whittingham from the United States and Akira Josino from Japan for their work on the development of lithium-ion batteries.
Between 2901 and 2019, 111 Nobel prizes were awarded in the field of chemistry, in 63 non-fractionated cases, that is, to a scientist. There were 5 women among the winners. The youngest Nobel Prize winner in chemistry was Frédéric Joliot at the age of 35, the oldest was last year’s winner John B. Goodenough at the age of 97.
[ad_2]
