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How did the Romans treat your letters? I’ll fire the joke quickly: no way. Because Roman numerals are not suitable for this. Arithmetic operations cannot be performed with Roman numerals written one on top of the other.
They also did not know zero. This is because the Roman number system is additive (we add numbers from left to right), that is, it is not a place value signifier, so zero is not necessary. Of course, if we say 2020, we didn’t even come out of zero, they didn’t even describe it: MMXX.
They weren’t interested in abstract mathematics.
When we’re kids, we still instinctively use our fingers and then quickly learn to press a calculator with them. Roman numerals are likely derived from manual use as well. Me when I point my finger. The tenth sign could come from drawing nine lines next to each other and then drawing a diagonal line. This was later abbreviated to X. Half of this is five (V), which is the X sign cut in half. M stands for mille (thousand in Latin) and C for centum (hundred in Latin). If our imagination is very vivid, we can get the letters L (fifty) and D (five hundred) by cutting them in two.
The Romans were a practical population, not particularly interested in abstract mathematics. Their numbers were used to measure their wealth or the size of their army, or they were simply used in architecture. So it was enough for them to add and subtract, and the number format they used was perfectly suited to that.
They didn’t mess too much with the fractions
They multiplied only if necessary. To do this, an intricate square grid was used: the two numbers were written next to the adjacent pages, the ones, the tens, etc. they multiplied along the diagonals and added up on opposite sides. However, they couldn’t use the table for the division, so they didn’t force it, so we can safely say:
the Romans were not very divided.
They couldn’t actually mark fractions with their letters either, but they didn’t despair, they just didn’t deal with them. For fractions, the term ounce was used, meaning one twelfth of something. So, for example, one-fourth was said to be three ounces, or three-twelfths.
They loved counting down to earth
Still, they had to count and used an abacus. The Greek word “abax” means a sign covered in sand. An inexpensive and cost-effective version of this was a ground-scratched abacus. Individuals, tens, hundreds had columns and the numbers were marked with pebbles.
4000 was too much for them
But what if they got a large number?
The largest number that can be described with Roman numerals is 3999,
in Roman MMMCMXCIX. Because up to three numbers can be written next to each other, 3000 is MMM and 999, CMXCIX still needs to be added. For the previous issues, a vinculum was used. So for a million they didn’t have to describe a thousand M, but a line above a hill.
In order not to create hideously long marks, a rule has been introduced that no more than three of the same number can be next to each other. Forty was not described as XXXX, but as XL, that is, one in fifty in “deducted” form. However, 1999 could not be marked as MIM because they had a strange rule that a lower value letter could only be placed in front of a letter with a value up to ten times higher. Therefore, the 1999 correctly MCMXCIX.
To describe particularly large numbers, a horizontal line above the number (link), which was a thousand times that number. So we didn’t have to score a thousand M for a million.
Yeah, Al, that sounds pretty bad to me. It seems like it isn’t for me either.
A genius accountant was the sender of the Holy Crown
It could have been a boon for the Arab (actually Indian) figures mediated by the Moors to put down roots in Europe as soon as possible. However, this is in the XIV. century that really didn’t want to take root. Gerill Aurillaci (940-1003) was the first scientist to propose the introduction of Arabic numerals. He learned the new numbers and counting methods at the European Center for Arab Education in Córdoba, Spain. Later it was II. The Pope’s New Year’s Eve (999-1003) and he was able to perform calculations in his head that were difficult to perform with Roman numerals. Due to his extraordinary ability, he was suspected of witchcraft, camaraderie with the devil.
This pope sent King St. Stephen the top of the crown and founded the first archdiocese of Hungary in Esztergom. From a thousand-year perspective, it can be said that it counted well.
I also learned something 1-2-3 today: Now alone together For 9990 florins!
Buy it now!
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It was not enough, I want to learn!
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I’m posting a topic!
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