The motion of the Gaia stars for the next 400 thousand years. The stars are in constant motion. In the human eye this movement – known as the right motion – is observable, but Gaia is measuring it more and more accurately. The trail on this image shows how 40,000 stars, all located within 100 parsecs (326 light years) of the solar system, will move through the sky over the next 400,000 years. These appropriate motions are published as part of the Gaiali Data Release 3 (Gaiai EDR3). This is twice as accurate as the previous Gaia DR2. The increase in accuracy is because Gaia has now measured the stars more often and at longer intervals. This represents a major improvement over the Gaia EDR3 in terms of Gaia DR2. Credit: ESA / Gaia / DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acceptance: a. Brown, S. Jordan, T. Rogiers, ex. Lury, e. Masana, t. Prusty and a. Motinho.
The motion of the outer stars of our galaxy at significant changes in history Milk Ganga. These and other equally interesting results come from a set of papers showing the quality of ESA’s Gaiaia Early Third Data Release (EDR3), which was released on December 3, 2020.
Astronomers at the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) looked at evidence of the Milky Way’s past by looking at stars in the direction of the Milky Way’s ‘anticenter’. From the center of the galaxy to the exact opposite direction of the sky.
The results on Anticenter came from one of the four ‘demonstration exhibits’ released with Gaia data. Others use Gaia data to provide vast expansions for the census of nearby stars, capturing the orbital shape of the solar system around the center of the galaxy, and two constellations near the galaxy have probe formations. The papers are designed to highlight the improvement and quality of newly published data.
The initial data of Gaia 3 in the number is published. Credit: ESA; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
What’s new in EDR3?
The Gaia EDR3 contains detailed information on more than 1.8 billion sources that have been discovered by the Gaia spacecraft. This represents an increase of more than 100 million resources over the previous data release (Gaia DR2), which was announced in April 2018. The Gaia EDR3 also has color information of about 1.5 billion sources, an increase of 200 million resources over the Gaia DR2. As well as including more resources, General Accuracy And measurement accuracy has also improved.
“The new Gaia data is a treasure for astronomers,” says Jose de Bruyne, ESA’s Gaia deputy project scientist.
More than 1.8 billion star data have been used to create this map of the sky. It shows the total density of stars observed by ESA’s Gaia Satellite and is published as part of Gaia’s initial data release 3 (Gaia EDR3). The brighter regions show the denser concentrations of stars, while the darker regions correspond to the patches of the sky where fewer stars are found. In contrast to the bright map in color, which is magnified by bright and massive stars, this view shows the distribution of all the stars, including the dizzy and distant ones. The bright horizontal structure that dominates the image is the plane of the galaxy. It is a flat disk that hosts most of the stars in our galaxy. The bulge in the center of the image revolves around the center of the galaxy. Credit: ESA / Gaia / DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acceptance: a. Motinho and m. Beros
Galactic anticenter
New Gaia data has allowed astronomers to find different populations of older and younger stars at the very edge of our galaxy – the galactic anticenter. Computer models predict that galactic disks will grow larger over time as new stars are born. The new data allows us to see the remains of a 10 billion year old disk and therefore determine its small size compared to the current disk size of the Milky Way.
New data from these outer regions also reinforces evidence of another major event in the galaxy’s recent past.
The data show that in the outer regions of the disk there is a component of slow moving stars above our galaxy plane moving downwards towards the plane, and a component of fast moving stars below the plane which is moving upwards. This extraordinary pattern was not previously expected. It could be the result of a close collision between the Milky Way galaxy and the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy that occurred in the recent past of our galaxy.
The Sagittarius dwarf galaxy contains millions of stars and is currently in the process of becoming a male eater through the galaxy. It wasn’t the last direct direct hit with our galaxy, but it would have been enough for its gravity to swallow up some of the stars in our galaxy.
Large and small megalenic clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively) are two dwarf galaxies that orbit the galaxy. This image shows the stellar density of satellite galaxies as Gaia observed in its initial data release 3, which was released on December 3, 2020. It is made up of layers of red, green, and blue, which are mostly old, intermediate. Age and younger stars respectively .. Credit: ESA / Gaia / DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acceptance: l. Camin; X. Luri et al (2020)
Using Gaia DR2, DPAC members have found a microscopic ripple in the movement of millions of stars that indicated the effects of an encounter with Sagittarius during a time 300 to 900 million years ago. Now, using Gaia EDR3, they have found more evidence that shows the intense effects of stars on the disk of our galaxy.
“The way disc stars move is different from what we used to believe,” says Teresa Antoza, of the University of Barcelona in Spain, working on this analysis with colleagues from DPAC. Although some quarters discuss the role of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, Teresa says, “as some imitations of other writers show, it could be a good candidate for all these distractions.”
More than 1.8 billion star data have been used to create this map of the sky. It shows the total brightness and color of the stars observed by ESA’s Gaia Satellite and is published as part of Gaia’s initial data release 3 (Gaia EDR3).
Bright regions represent dense concentrations of bright stars, while darker regions correspond to patches of sky where fewer and fainter stars are found. The color of the image is obtained by combining the total amount of light with the amount of blue and red light recorded by Gaia in each patch of the sky. The bright horizontal structure that dominates the image is the plane of our galaxy. It is actually a flattened disk found on the edge-unseen that contains most of the stars in the galaxy. In the center of the image, the galactic center appears bright, and dense with stars. Credit: ESA / Gaia / DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acceptance: a. Motinho.
To measure the orbit of the solar system
The history of the galaxy does not come only from the Gaii EDR3 demonstration papers. DPAC members across Europe have done other work to demonstrate the extreme fidelity of data and the unique potential for unlimited scientific discovery.
In one paper, Gaia has allowed scientists to measure the acceleration of the solar system with respect to the rest of the frame of the universe. Using observational speeds of extremely distant galaxies, the solar system’s velocity has been measured to change by 0.23 nm / s per second. Due to this small acceleration, the path of the solar system is ignored by its diameter Atom Every second, and in a year this is about 115 km. Adds up to. The acceleration measured by Gaia shows good agreement with theoretical expectations and provides the first measurement of the solar system’s orbital curve around the galaxy in the history of optical astronomy.
Counting new stars
Gaii EDR3 has also allowed for a new calculation of stars in the solar neighborhood. The Gaia catalog of nearby stars contains 331 312 containing objects, which are estimated to be 92% of the stars within 100 parsex (326 light-years) of the Sun. An earlier solar neighborhood census, called the Glise Catalog of nearby stars, was conducted in 1957. It initially had only 915 pos objects, but in 1991 3803 space objects were modified. It was also limited to a distance of 82 light-years: Gaia’s population reaches four times as far and contains 100 times as many stars. It also provides location, speed and brightness measurements which are orders of magnitude more accurate than the old data.
Data from Gaia’s initial data release 3 show how stars are being pulled from the small Magellan nick cloud, and moving toward the large Magellanic cloud next to it, forming a stellar bridge into space. Credit: ESA / Gaia / DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acknowledgments: S. Jordan, T. Sagarist, ex. Luri et al (2020).
Beyond the galaxy
The fourth demonstration paper analyzed the Magellanic Clouds: galaxies that are two galaxies. After measuring the motion of the stars of the larger Magellanic Cloud to greater accuracy than before, the Gaia EDR3 clearly shows that the galaxy has a spiral formation. The data also solves the flow of stars that are drawn from the small Magellanic cloud, and the signals on previously unseen constructions on the exterior of both galaxies.
On December 3 at 12:00 a.m. CET, Gaia D.P.A.C. The data generated by many of the consortium’s scientists and engineers is made public for anyone to see and know. This is the first of a two-part publication; Full data release 3 is planned for 2022.
“The Gaia EDR3 is the result of the tremendous efforts of everyone involved in the Gaia mission. It’s an extraordinarily rich set of data, and I’m looking forward to a lot of discoveries made by astronomers around the world with this resource, “says Timo Prosti, ASA’s Gaia Project Scientist. “And we are not finished yet; Gaia follows more great data as it continues to measure from orbit. “
