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The world, according to the perspective of the president of the United States, Donald Trump, is “America first”, that is, the interest of the United States comes first and last, and it did not hesitate to abandon or withdraw from the international agreements it believed that did not benefit their country.
Their positions and policies were compromise, one-sided, and obstructive. His approaches to many files and topics are personal and irregular and depend on his instinctual feelings, his relationships with foreign leaders, and the positions he declares through Twitter.
As for his rival, the winner in the election, Joe Biden believes that the world continues to go largely as it was and that the role and interests of the United States are based on the international institutions that emerged after World War II, and they are based on common Western democratic values.
The world is a global coalition in which the United States leads the free world in the fight against transnational threats.
What could change in the Biden era? There are some notable characteristics, notably the relationship with climate allies and the Middle East.
Deal with allies
Trump praised autocrats and belittled America’s allies. At the top of Joe Biden’s to-do list is mending the strained relations between his country and the member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization-NATO, returning to international alliances and returning the United States to global agreements.
The Biden administration will also return to the World Health Organization and seek to lead international efforts to counter the Coronavirus.
Biden’s campaign made clear that this is an urgent task to save America’s damaged position globally and to mobilize democratic forces against what it sees as a growing wave of forces of tyranny.
But that may be more of a change of style than a change of substance, says Daniel Pletka of the conservative American Enterprise Institute, arguing that the Trump administration has achieved a lot on the world stage by pursuing tough tactics.
She says, “Have we lost friends to go to parties?” Nobody wants to accompany Donald Trump, have we lost the power and influence of the metrics that have really been important during the last 70 years? The answer is no. “
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Trump has not always been diplomatic in his dealings with other countries
Climate change
Joe Biden said he would make the fight against climate change a top priority and lead his country back to the Paris Climate Agreement, one of the international agreements from which Donald Trump withdrew.
In this case, the two men are at opposite ends. Trump sees global warming as a threat to the American economy. He defended fossil fuels and repealed many environmental and climate protection regulations.
Biden is presenting an ambitious $ 2 trillion plan to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets and says he will do so by building a clean energy economy and creating millions of jobs in the sector.
Iran
Joe Biden announced that he was ready to return to another international deal Trump abandoned, the Iranian nuclear deal in which sanctions on Iran were relaxed in exchange for reducing its nuclear program.
The Trump administration withdrew from the deal in 2018, arguing that the deal did not address the stock of conventional weapons that Iran is developing and the threats that Iran poses and that it is too weak to restrict its nuclear activity.
Washington has reimposed sanctions on Iran and continued to put economic pressure on it, and recently blacklisted almost the entire financial sector in Iran. Iran has suspended some controls and restrictions on its nuclear activity in response to US sanctions.
Biden says the Trump administration’s “maximum pressure” policy has failed, emphasizing that it has led to a significant escalation of tension and that allies are against this policy, and that Iran is now closer to possessing a nuclear weapon. than when Trump took office.
He says he will return to the nuclear deal if Iran returns to strict compliance, but will not lift sanctions until then. Then Biden will negotiate to allay some of his concerns about the deal, like the president.
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Trump embraced Mohammed bin Salman and supported him at the most tender moment
To who
Biden will also end US support for the Saudi-led war in Yemen. The high number of civilian deaths in Yemen led to the emergence of strong opposition to the participation of the United States in this war in the left wing of its party and with a growing number of members of Congress.
Saudi Arabia is Trump’s staunch Arab ally and is the cornerstone of the anti-Iran coalition. Analysts believe that Biden will abandon Trump’s embrace of Saudi Arabia and be more aggressive in criticizing him.
“I think there will be a fundamental change in the Middle East, and it will surely be more pro-Iranian and less pro-Saudi,” says Bletka.
The Arab-Israeli conflict
Biden welcomed the agreement to normalize relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates. Like another old guard in the Democratic Party, Biden is considered a strong supporter and defender of Israel, and the word “occupation” is not mentioned in the party’s foreign policy program.
However, he is unlikely to embrace the Trump administration’s policies toward the occupied West Bank, as the Trump administration has not viewed Israeli settlements as violating international law, but rather tolerates, if not enthusiastic, Israeli plans to unilaterally annex. parts of the earth.
The left wing of the Democratic Party, which enjoys a more sophisticated and assertive foreign policy alliance than in previous years, is calling for more action on the rights of the Palestinians.
“I think there was a much stronger turnout from Palestinian rights advocates, Palestinian Americans and Arab Americans,” says Matt Doss, foreign policy adviser to former Biden rival Bernie Sanders.
He adds: “In addition, various American Jewish groups that realize that ending the occupation is a fundamental issue in US foreign policy have played an important role in this area.”
This matter deserves to be monitored and monitored
What will remain the same?
Biden, like Trump, wants to end America’s military role in both Afghanistan and Iraq, although he will maintain a small troop presence in both countries to help fight terrorism. It also won’t cut the Pentagon budget or suspend drone strikes, despite pressure from the party’s left wing. With respect to geopolitical rivals, there may be less difference than expected.
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Trump appeared to be appeasing Putin despite his administration imposing sweeping sanctions on Russia.
Russia
Definitely, the relationship at the leadership level will change. President Trump has often seemed willing to forgive Vladimir Putin for his behavior that violated international standards.
But his administration was so strict on Russia that it imposed many sanctions. This is likely to continue under Biden’s presidency without giving mixed signals to Russia.
Biden has clearly told CNN that he believes Russia is an “adversary.” He vowed to respond forcefully to election interference and reports that Russia had provided financial incentives to the Taliban to attack US forces in Afghanistan, something Trump did not address.
At the same time, Biden has made it clear that he wants to work with Moscow to preserve the remaining arms control treaties that restrict the nuclear arsenal. Trump has withdrawn from two of these treaties, accusing Russia of failing to deliver on its promises, and negotiations are underway to extend the validity of a third treaty, which expires in February. As for Biden, he promised to extend it unconditionally.
China
In 2017, Trump talked about how he bonded with Chinese leader Xi Jinping when they ate a chocolate cake. But since then, Trump has changed his friendship with the Chinese president by accusing China of spreading the Corona virus, cracking down on it and adopting a new discourse that threatens to start a cold war between the two countries.
In fact, there is a rare agreement between the Republican and Democratic parties to take a hard line with China on trade and other issues, but the difference between them revolves around tactics.
Biden will continue Trump’s policy on China’s “unfair economic practices,” but in partnership with allies, unlike Trump, who prefers to work only when he reaches deals.
The assertive stance of the Trump administration has gained global support for a boycott of Chinese communications technology. This is part of a dangerous escalation in US efforts to respond to Beijing on many fronts, which has led to the deterioration of relations between them to their lowest levels in decades.
This campaign is led by hawks in the Trump administration as they see that there is strategic competition between the two countries, but some analysts see it as a strategic showdown. Joe Biden will more actively seek areas of cooperation with a rising China.
Biden says he wants to revive America’s leadership globally. But the world has changed in the past four years as well, as intense competition among the great powers has returned, and recent opinion polls indicate that America’s reputation has declined even among the loyal allies Biden aspires to lead.
