[ad_1]
Image posted, fake images
Fifty years after his death, the legacy of the late Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser continues to be the subject of heated discussion, especially whenever a controversy arose over certain issues such as normalization with Israel.
There are those who see him as a “symbol of dignity, Arab unity and anti-colonialism”, and there are those who accuse him of “tyranny and abuse of his opponents” and hold him responsible for a harsh defeat.
In the following lines, we will learn about the most important milestones in the life of Abdel Nasser, who continues to be one of the most prominent political figures in the modern history of the Middle East.
His early years
Image posted, fake images
Gamal Abdel Nasser in a 1931 photo
Gamal Abdel Nasser was born in the city of Alexandria in 1918 in a simple family that has its origins in Upper Egypt, his father was an employee of the Postal Authority. He moved with his family between various governorates of Egypt by virtue of his father’s work. He began his political activities at an early age, participating in student demonstrations against British colonialism, one of which was hit on the head, leaving a scar on his forehead.
His student activity prevented him from entering the Military College at first, so he studied at the Law College for a few months, then he tried again and was accepted into the Military College and graduated in 1938 after only 17 months had passed as a result of the rush to graduate from the officer batches at that time.
“Palestine is not a strange land”
Immediately after graduation, Gamal Abdel Nasser joined the infantry and served in various locations between Upper Egypt, Al-Alamein, and Sudan. During this period, he met his colleagues with whom he later established the Free Officers Organization, and was also appointed a professor at the War College.
Abdel Nasser participated in the War in Palestine in 1948, first as a volunteer and then within the ranks of the Egyptian army, when Arab countries launched a military offensive to expel Jewish militias from Palestine following the end of the British mandate and the issuance of a decision by the United Nations to divide Palestine into two Jewish and Arab states.
In the book “Philosophy of the Revolution”, which was published in 1954, Abdel Nasser says about his volunteering among the Fedayeen in Palestine before entering Egypt in the 1948 war: “When the crisis in Palestine began, he was convinced that deeper than the struggle in Palestine is not a struggle in a strange land, and it does not follow a passion, but it is a duty that demands self-defense. “
This war, which ended with the Israeli army controlling most of the Negev region and the encirclement by Egyptian forces stationed near the city of Fallujah, north of Gaza, is believed to have been some of the reasons for the Israeli revolution. the organization of Free Officers in July 1952, which ended the rule of the Muhammad Ali family in Egypt, in light of what was raised about The violations marred the arms deals for the army during that period.
The end of the rule of the Muhammad Ali family
Image posted, fake images
Members of the Council of the Revolutionary Command in a souvenir photo in 1953
In the summer of 1949, an executive committee of Free Officers was formed under the leadership of Gamal Abdel Nasser, and on July 23, 1952, army units moved in loyalty to the organization and King Farouk was forced to abdicate. of the throne and leave the country. In 1953, the Revolutionary Command Council issued a decision to abolish the monarchy and declare the republic, and assign the presidency of the republic to Muhammad Najib.
In 1953 Abdel Nasser led the Egyptian delegation to negotiate the definitive withdrawal of British forces from Egypt, and a year later an agreement was signed between Gamal Abdel Nasser in his capacity as Prime Minister of Egypt and Anthony Natting, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs British, and this agreement stipulated that the British would fully evacuate Egypt within twenty months and the end of the treaty of alliance that was signed in London in 1936.
And after a referendum in June 1956, Nasser assumed the presidency, after Muhammad Najib was placed under house arrest due to growing differences between him and the Council of the Revolutionary Command.
Abdel Nasser’s supporters believe that he has sided with the poor with his socialist policies, while his critics accuse him of launching “repression” campaigns against his opponents and hold him responsible for destroying political and party life in Egypt for decades. by dissolving parties and adopting a one-party policy.
Image posted, AFP
Gamal Abdel Nasser signs the treaty with the withdrawal of British forces from Egypt
The nationalization of the canal inaugurates a new stage
The nationalization of the Suez Canal and the subsequent use by Great Britain, France and Israel of military force against Egypt in what became known as “tripartite aggression”, inaugurated a new stage in the government of Abdel Nasser. The former Egyptian, after the end of the “tripartite aggression”, under international pressure, to consolidate his image as an anti-dependency leader and supporter of the liberation movements of the region and supporter of the independence of the peoples.
Abdel Nasser played a pivotal role in establishing the Non-Aligned Movement, whose first conference was held in Belgrade in 1961, and its main objective was to move away from Cold War policies and the polarization that prevailed at the time between the camps. western and eastern. Nasser is considered one of the first founders of the movement, along with Indian Prime Minister Nehru, Yugoslav President Tito, and Indonesian President Sukarno.
Image posted, fake images
Abdel Nasser with Yugoslav President Tito and Indian Prime Minister Nehru
Abdel Nasser supported liberation movements on the African continent, because he believed that Africa was “a fundamental circle for Egypt”, and also contributed to efforts at the time to form the Organization of African Unity, which was based in Addis Ababa. , and the liberated countries as its core.
Arab nationalism
Gamal Abdel Nasser has always been seen as one of the defenders of the idea of Arab nationalism based on his belief that “the Arab circle is the most important and most closely connected circuit with Egypt”, so he was able to achieve unity between Egypt and Syria in 1958 (under the name of the United Arab Republic), although it was dissolved shortly thereafter. Three years.
Abdel Nasser also supported the Iraqi army revolution against the monarchy in 1958, and had a leading role in supporting the Algerian revolution, as well as the Yemeni revolution in 1962.
The decision to send troops to Yemen remains the subject of fierce criticism so far, as many saw it as a waste of the country’s resources and an overload of the army in the foothills of Yemen’s mountains, considering that one of the reasons behind the Egyptian army’s defeat to Israel in June 1967.
And at the first Arab summit conference in 1964, which Gamal Abdel Nasser called for, the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization was declared “a mobilized leadership for the forces of the Palestinian Arab people to fight the liberation battle, a shield for rights and aspirations of the Palestinian people and a path to victory. “
The June 1967 war was the biggest setback in the path of Abdel Nasser and his Arab nationalist project, as Israeli forces were able to divide the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank and the Syrian Golan.
Abdel Nasser did not find what he looked like after the announcement of his resignation from his post and taking responsibility for the defeat, but he withdrew the next day after demonstrations that refused to resign.
Image posted, fake images
A majestic funeral for Gamal Abdel Nasser
The last stop in Abdel Nasser’s life was the Arab Summit in 1970 (which was held exceptionally in the wake of what is known as “Black September”). He died after his last day of a heart attack on September 28. /September.
