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This is the result of an evaluation by the Institute for Advanced Studies. In studies with selective admissions procedures, such as medicine and veterinary medicine, the number of students from non-academic backgrounds continued to decline and the number of older students in studies with general admissions procedures decreased.
In almost all studies, the introduction of the admission procedure showed a clear increase in success and retention rates. The proportion of active students also increased in most studies. However: “While the success rates and the proportion of active examination studies increase significantly as a result of the admission procedure, the number of degrees and active examination studies has decreased in most studies compared to the previous ones” . This means that “the often-expressed assumption that admissions procedures with selective tests would not admit those who would not have been successful in any case cannot be confirmed.”
A smaller number of degrees with a simultaneously low dropout rate means that previously successful students are no longer accepted today. “Particularly in fields of study where admission procedures have been implemented throughout Austria, the number of graduates can be expected to be lower in the future than before the introduction of the admission procedure.”
In its evaluation, the IHS affirms that “the” admission procedures do not exist, since they differ in terms of their design and therefore their effects depending on the career. They are, for example, of different selectivity: in medicine very few applicants get a place, in other studies practically all.
In some studies, the number of studies started decreased very significantly due to the introduction of admission procedures (medicine, psychology, journalism, economics, architecture, informatics), in some studies, however, only slightly (biology, pharmacy) . Last but not least, individual studies differ in the design of the admission procedure.
The IHS considers the decline in the number of students from non-academic backgrounds in medicine and veterinary medicine after the introduction of access restrictions is “critical.” In medicine, both the number of first-year students with parents without a Matura (from about 30 to 35 percent before the 20 to 25 percent restriction) and graduates with parents without a Matura (from about 30 percent) decreased. percent to about 20 percent).
Conversely, however, admissions procedures also meant that success rates did not differ by level of parenting: before the introduction of the admissions test, academic children studied more successfully than their home study peers not academic.
Therefore, the Ministry of Education wants to “look closely”, especially in medicine and possibly also in veterinary medicine. “There are effects through the admission procedure that are not foreseen,” emphasized the APA. The IHS suggests, among other things, that the medical admission procedure should not only consist of a test, but also elements that serve as advice and guidance to the study.
For example, online self-assessments should be used. Additionally, medical universities should be active on the internet and social media to counter partial knowledge: “The ‘rumor’ alone that MedAT can only be achieved with expensive preparatory courses can deter financially weak people.”
The IHS also considers the decline in students older than first year in almost all studies with admissions procedures problematic, regardless of their type. In general, the average age at the start of studies has been reduced by 0.5 years or more in many studies. “The admissions procedures, therefore, do not lead to a ‘lifelong learning’ approach.”
Additional effects of the procedure: In computer science, the low proportion of women among first-year students has decreased even more (from 24 to 20 percent). And in some studies outside of medicine and veterinary medicine, the proportion of first-year students with parents without an academic degree decreased, for example in pharmacy. Limitation: Even when the barrier to entry was last abolished, the ratio remained at the lowest level.
By the way, the most socially selective course is Business and Economics at the University of Economics and Business: in this (new) course with 240 places, the lowest proportion of non-academic parents is. The proportion of nonacademic parents is already the lowest among applicants at 28 percent; Over the course of the admissions process, their share drops slightly, that is, to 22 percent among first-year students.
Apart from the aforementioned studies, the admission procedures did not lead to a further deterioration in the sociodemographic composition of the students.
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